The primary aim of this study was to investigate the impact of using online discussions on L2 learners' lexical complexity (LC) using a blend of qualitative and quantitative data collection methods to measure how L2 learners' lexical variation, lexical density, and lexical richness can be influenced by online interactions facilitated in virtual…

The present study investigated whether the ability to encode the sounds of difficult second-language (L2) contrasts into novel nonnative lexical representations is modulated by the phonological form of the words to be learned. In 3 experiments, German learners of English were trained on word-picture associations with either novel minimal pairs…

This article explores the online processing of singular he and she and singular they by learners of English to discover whether singular they presents a processing problem for non-native speakers (NNSs). It also examines the extent to which such issues may vary as a function of L2 proficiency at B2, C1, and C2 levels. A self-paced reading study…

The article substantiates the synergistic concept of complex linguistic and rhetorical (L&R) training necessary for the high-quality professional training of a future specialist of any direction and profile of higher school education; the specification is made on the example of a teacher of a foreign language (foreign languages). The…

We present a tool for the creation and curation of C-tests. C-tests are an established tool in language proficiency testing and language learning. They require examinees to complete a text in which the second half of every second word is replaced by a gap. We support teachers and test designers in creating such tests through a web-based system…

The present study examines both properties of the language and properties of the learner to better understand variability at the earliest stages of second language (L2) acquisition. We used event-related potentials, an oral production task, and a battery of individual differences measures to examine the processing of number and gender agreement in…

The present study aims to verify the impact of dynamic aids on learning L2 prepositions in relation to individual learner variables. Situated within the cognitive linguistics (CL) framework and differing from previous research, the present study hypothesizes that dynamic (animated) aids are not equally effective for all learners; rather, their…

This study investigated the effects of captions on the listening comprehension of vlogs. A total of 96 EFL learners watched three vlogs under one of three conditions: L2 captions, L1 captions, and no captions. Each group included low-, mid-, and high-level proficiency learners. The vlogs differed in the pictorial support of the audio, with Vlog 1…

Nowadays, there is widespread agreement that developing Translation Competence (TC) is the ultimate goal of translator training. Much research has been devoted to the analysis of TC and how it can be used in translation methodology in order to overcome the translation problems that may arise. However, one of the most important components of TC --…

The study investigates learners' awareness of their linguistic landscape (LL) and perspectives on the use of LL as part of classroom teaching and learning. It also examines the course instructor's pedagogical perspective on the use of LL. The study aims to explore the potential benefits of utilizing bilingual public signage representing…

This research paper presents a quasi-experimental empirical study investigating the effects of structured input and structured output tasks on the acquisition of English causative forms. This research is framed on VanPatten's (1996) input processing theory. The grammatical form chosen for this investigation is affected by a processing strategy…

Two studies examined the role of input distribution in English construction learning, by child learners from a Mandarin first-language background, and the extent to which phonological short-term memory and awareness predicted such learning. In the first study, 4th-grade students of Mandarin Chinese (N = 121) learned the English object-cleft…

The axis of task research has shifted from task design to task planning, and rehearsal as a pre-task planning has been less touched upon throughout the history of the Second Language Acquisition (SLA); therefore, the current research was set around task rehearsal after Present-Practise-Product (PPP) model instruction in the task-supported language…

Idioms play an indispensable role in communication. Knowledge of idioms is considered an indicator of proficiency. This study is aimed at investigating English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students' knowledge of frequently used idioms and the effect of learner-related factors. The participants were 218 female EFL college students at the College of…

This study aims at investigating the relationship between student's second language lexical fluency and their C-test performance. Using cluster sampling procedure,75 undergraduate students of Engineering and Basic Sciences studying general English at Shahrood University of Technology were randomly selected to participate in this study. Controlled…