This study explored the effects of learning activities which encouraged positive crosslinguistic influence from L2 Spanish to L1 English grammar in young learners. The learners (N = 82) were studying Spanish as their compulsory foreign language at an English state primary school in the UK. As part of ten timetabled Spanish classes over a period of…

Task-Based Instruction (TBI) is a dynamic approach in tertiary language education that emphasizes the integration of authentic and meaningful tasks to enhance language learning outcomes. This study aims to explore the implementation of TBI in the Philippines, investigate its cognitive benefits and transformative nature, identify pedagogical…

This book examines whether learner autonomy as a pedagogical approach can improve the quality of foreign language learning. Chapter 1, "A Framework for Freedom," discusses "Learning in Process,""What Is Learner Autonomy? Towards a Definition"; "Why Learner Autonomy? A Rationale"; and "Implications of Learner Autonomy for Foreign Language Learning…