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Direct linkJing Zhang; Qiaoyun Liao; Lipei Li; Jingyi Luo – Journal of Educational Computing Research, 2026
Natural Language Processing (NLP) has emerged as a transformative tool for EFL speaking instruction. However, prior research lacks robust empirical investigations into how distinct NLP tools independently enhance adaptability, accuracy, and fluency--particularly through controlled, large-scale interventions. Most studies focus on short-term…
Descriptors: Artificial Intelligence, Natural Language Processing, English (Second Language), Second Language Instruction
