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Umansky, Ilana M.; Valentino, Rachel A.; Reardon, Sean F. – Educational Leadership, 2016
Although human beings communicate mainly through talking and listening, schools tend to spend little classroom instruction time helping ELLs develop their English oral language skills, writes Wayne E. Wright. In reviewing the research on ELLs' oral language development, Wright concludes that bilingual programs give ELLs the best opportunities to…
Descriptors: English Language Learners, Second Language Instruction, Bilingual Education, Bilingual Students
Umansky, Ilana M.; Valentino, Rachel A.; Reardon, Sean F. – Stanford Center for Education Policy Analysis, 2015
One in five school-age children in the U.S. speaks a language other than English at home (Zeigler & Camarota, 2014). Roughly half of these emerging bilingual students (Garcia, 2009) are classified as English learners (ELs) when they enter school, meaning they do not meet state or district criteria for English proficiency (NCES, 2015). As the…
Descriptors: Bilingual Education, Immersion Programs, Bilingual Students, English Language Learners

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