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Form-Focused Instruction: Isolated or Integrated?
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Spada, Nina; Lightbown, Patsy M. – TESOL Quarterly: A Journal for Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages and of Standard English as a Second Dialect, 2008
There is increasing consensus that form-focused instruction helps learners in communicative or content-based instruction to learn features of the target language that they may not acquire without guidance. The subject of this article is the role of instruction that is provided in separate (isolated) activities or within the context of…
Descriptors: Grammar, Cognitive Psychology, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
Classrooms as Lexical Environments.
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Meara, Paul; Lightbown, Patsy M.; Halter, Randall H. – Language Teaching Research, 1997
Explores the vocabulary available in English-as-a-Second-Language classes in which teachers have made a strong commitment to a communicative approach to language teaching. Provides an account of problems that were encountered in an attempt to establish a rich lexical environment in one classroom. (Author/VWL)
Descriptors: Classroom Environment, Communicative Competence (Languages), English (Second Language), Second Language Instruction
Do They Know What They're Doing? L2 Learners' Awareness of L1 Influence.
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Lightbown, Patsy M.; Spada, Nina – Language Awareness, 2000
Reports on a study that examined the extent to which learners can make explicit first language rules that appear to influence their second language performance. The learners were 11- and 12-year-old francophone students learning English in intensive communicative English-as-a-Second-Language classes in Quebec. (Author/VWL)
Descriptors: Communicative Competence (Languages), English (Second Language), Foreign Countries, French Canadians