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Direct linkOECD Publishing, 2017
Globally, enrolment in secondary education has expanded dramatically over the past decades. This expansion is also reflected in PISA data, particularly for low- and middle-income countries. Between 2003 and 2015, Indonesia added more than 1.1 million students, Turkey and Brazil more than 400,000 students, and Mexico more than 300,000 students, to…
Descriptors: Achievement Tests, Foreign Countries, Secondary School Students, International Assessment
Tayyaba, Saadia – International Journal of Educational Management, 2012
Purpose: Recent educational research has demonstrated rural-urban gaps in achievement and schooling conditions. Evidence from developing countries is still sparse. This study seeks to report rural-urban disparities in achievement, student, teacher, and school characteristics based on a nationally representative sample of grade four students from…
Descriptors: Rural Urban Differences, Urban Schools, Educational Research, Legislators
Peer reviewedElster, Richard S.; Dunnette, Marvin D. – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 1971
Descriptors: Hypothesis Testing, Measurement Techniques, Probability, Sampling
