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Direct linkLittle, Todd D.; Chang, Rong; Gorrall, Britt K.; Waggenspack, Luke; Fukuda, Eriko; Allen, Patricia J.; Noam, Gil G. – International Journal of Behavioral Development, 2020
We revisit the merits of the retrospective pretest-posttest (RPP) design for repeated-measures research. The underutilized RPP method asks respondents to rate survey items twice during the same posttest measurement occasion from two specific frames of reference: "now" and "then." Individuals first report their current attitudes…
Descriptors: Pretesting, Alternative Assessment, Program Evaluation, Evaluation Methods
Download full textSie, Maureen A. – 1973
This program, funded by the State of Michigan, was designed to provide compensatory education in basic reading and arithmetic skills for elementary school children with serious deficiencies in these areas. The composite achievement scores of the 1970-71 Michigan Educational Assessment Program were used to establish eligible school districts.…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Arithmetic, Compensatory Education, Educational Finance
