ERIC Number: EJ1287107
Record Type: Journal
Publication Date: 2021-Feb
Pages: 3
Abstractor: As Provided
ISBN: N/A
ISSN: ISSN-0031-921X
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Surface Currents on the Plates of a Charging Capacitor
Mungan, Carl E.
Physics Teacher, v59 n2 p86-88 Feb 2021
Ampère's law is presented in introductory physics as a relation between the line integral of the magnetic field around a closed loop and the net current crossing any open surface spanning that loop. By allowing the surface to pass between the plates of a charging parallel-plate capacitor, Maxwell realized that this law is incomplete and introduced a term called the displacement current "I"[subscript d] (due to changing electric flux), which needs to be combined with the conduction current "I"[subscript c] (due to charge flow) to give the effective net current "I". Textbooks state that the way these currents are to be combined is by simple addition, "I" = "I"[subscript c]+"I"[subscript d]. They verify that the resulting Ampère-Maxwell law gives the correct expression for the magnetic field at an arbitrary point outside of both plates for two different choices of spanning surfaces. However, those traditional two surfaces are special and do not prove that the total current must be the simple addition of the displacement and conduction currents. A third, more general spanning surface is used here to establish it. This third approach draws attention to the surface currents on the capacitor plates.
Descriptors: Scientific Principles, Introductory Courses, Physics, Magnets, Energy, Scientific Concepts
American Association of Physics Teachers. One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740. Tel: 301-209-3300; Fax: 301-209-0845; e-mail: pubs@aapt.org; Web site: http://aapt.scitation.org/journal/pte
Publication Type: Journal Articles; Reports - Descriptive
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Language: English
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