Education is the most powerful weapon that can be used to change the world, whether in a developed or underdeveloped country. The present e-learning frameworks are changing rapidly with the change in technology and the need for education. However, one of the main problems is the unavailability of effective learning models and collaborative tools…

Decades of research have demonstrated the correlation of spatial abilities to chemistry achievement and career selection. Nonetheless, reviews have highlighted the need and scarcity of explicit spatial instruction to promote spatial skills. Therefore, the goal of this literature review is to summarize what has been done during the past decade in…