Visualizations are an integral part of education, and the features of visualizations have been associated with differences in learning and generalization. I propose that students use the features of visualizations, such as their perceptual richness, as cues to infer the generality of the information presented in lessons. I test this proposal in 10…

Visual representations are essential for science understanding, but many students have poor diagrammatic reasoning skills. Previous research showed that teaching high school and college students about the conventions of diagrams (COD) can improve diagrammatic reasoning. In this study, middle school science students received COD instruction…

Capturing the nature of students' mental representations and how they change with learning is a primary goal in science education research. This can be challenging in spatially intense domains, such as geoscience, architecture, and engineering. In this research, we test whether sketching can be used to gauge level of expertise in geoscience,…

Describes some of the capabilities of the Apple Macintosh computer in constructing stereo pairs for three-dimensional viewing. Discusses various software packages which can produce the desired graphics. Provides examples of how to use these stereo images in geology, chemistry, and psychology. (TW)