Whilst critical realism (CR) is becoming recognised as a significant meta-theory for the social sciences, there is little guidance on how to produce research which is consistent with its ontological and epistemological assumptions. This article contributes to an emerging discussion about how CR can be applied, drawing on an example of a…

This article provides a portrait of the challenges and promise of Latino schooling in California's agricultural Central Valley, site of one of the largest and socioeconomically vulnerable Latino populations in the nation's most populous state. Through surveys, interviews, and participant observation, we document a multi-year "Placed-Based…

Calvin Lunsford Beale was born in Washington, DC, on June 6, 1923, and passed away at age 85 on September 2, 2008. He was a city boy born and bred, and while he "never wanted to live in a rural area" he became one of the most astute observers of rural America in the latter half of the twentieth century. Calvin spent the majority of his…

Contract foreign workers admitted for temporary employment in U.S. agriculture are tabulated. In 1972 90 percent were British West Indians and the remainder were Canadians. (MS)

Seasonal migration for work by poor rural families is a phenomenon that is escalating as the agrarian crisis mounts. Millions of families that migrate are compelled to take their children along, leaving school and a normal childhood behind. They spend several months every year at work sites such as brick kilns, salt pans, plantations and stone…

During 1974, the Rural Manpower Service provided a comprehensive program of service to all agricultural workers and employers in both rural and urban areas. This program was accomplished through employer relations and applicant registration programs, placement services, promotion of training programs, counseling and testing programs, collection…

Inventorying and analyzing the housing needs of the region's migrant population, the report is presented in 2 sections. Part I introduces the migrant, staygrant, and rural agricultural worker. Part 2 addresses the particular needs of the agricultural worker, including the rural poor. Attention is given to education, training, health, social…

Effective February 1976, the Rural Manpower Services Department was integrated totally with the Placement Department, thus removing any rural/urban separation of services. This new concept allowed the provision of equal services to all segments of the work force. Continuing emphasis was placed on providing manpower services to rural residents with…

In 1991, 53 percent of hired farmworkers lived in nonmetropolitan areas. Among nonmetro workers, hired farmworkers were more likely to be young, male, Hispanic and to work seasonally. Their weekly income was 67 percent that of all nonmetro workers. About half of nonmetro hired farmworkers had not completed high school. Farm employment was sporadic…

Hired farmworkers make up 1% of all U.S. workers but one-third of production agricultural workers. In 1996, compared to all workers, hired farmworkers earned significantly less and were more likely to be younger, never married, Hispanic, and noncitizens. Over half had not graduated from high school, and three-quarters of noncitizens had only an…

Context: Migrant and seasonal farmworkers are recognized as a medically underserved population, yet little information on need, access, and services is available--particularly with regard to oral health care. Purpose: This study describes the facilities, services, staffing, and patient characteristics of US dental clinics serving migrant and…

In 1971, Louisiana's Rural Manpower Service provided the agricultural and rural non-agricultural populations with such services as placement services which included promotion and development of training programs with priority to veterans and other special applicant groups; processing clearance orders and foreign labor importation requests;…

The Rural Manpower Service Section of the Louisiana Department of Employment Security provided recruitment, placement, and other Employment Service programs to the agricultural and rural non-agricultural populations. Goals of the Rural Manpower Service were to: serve the agricultural workers and rural population in accordance with existing Federal…

Due to continued changes in Louisiana's agricultural economy, the supply and demand for seasonal and year-round farm workers changed during 1970. Therefore, the Rural Manpower Service's major emphases were directed toward worker and employer relations, recruitment, day-haul operations, and limited services to rural non-agricultural workers and…

Stressing the provision of services to migrants and seasonal farmworkers in keeping with the U.S. District Court Order requiring and quantitatively proportionate service to this labor segment, the Rural Manpower Service provided a comprehensive program of service to all rural elements in Louisiana. Working in close conjunction with the Service was…