Motivational (i.e., appetitive or aversive) cues can bias value-based decisions by affecting either direction and intensity of instrumental actions. Despite several findings describing important interindividual differences in these biases, whether biological sex can also play a role is still up to debate. By comparing females and males in both…

The gap between predicted and actual outcomes--following a university's removal of their controversial Native American nickname--may be rather wide. This study investigates what alumni threaten or promise to do upon a potential school nickname change, and what actual actions result once change does occur. The University of North Dakota's (UND)…

Understanding how learning changes during human development has been one of the long-standing objectives of developmental science. Recently, advances in computational biology have demonstrated that humans display a bias when learning to navigate novel environments through rewards and punishments: they learn more from outcomes that confirm their…

In "Rethinking Chronic Absenteeism," Sarah Winchell Lenhoff and Jeremy Singer reframe chronic absenteeism as a symptom of a complex set of factors affecting the student, family, and community rather than simply an accountability metric for educators, schools, or districts. Lenhoff and Singer identify chronic absenteeism--often defined as…

While literature exists on the topic of faculty bullying, there is a gap regarding investigating faculty bullying as a gendered problem. There is a need to understand how gender contributes to the "sense-making processes in bullying situations'' as gender inequalities in faculty positions persist, particularly at research-intensive…

Previous studies have linked religiosity to a variety of positive outcomes for young people. However, further investigation into the underlying mechanisms that drive this connection is necessary to facilitate these positive outcomes. Some studies have suggested that afterlife reward and punishment beliefs play a role in this connection, as they…

Faculty of color (FoC) often engage in social justice scholarship that focuses on the needs of minoritized communities. Yet, FoC often are subjected to suspicion and scrutiny over concerns of objectivity and academic rigor. Despite these barriers, FoC have demonstrated "successfully" navigating traditional institutional reward systems…

This chapter aims to analyze and evaluate the policy related to quality assurance in Vietnam from the macro to the micro level during the past 20 years, focusing on the past five years. First of all, the chapter provides a context explanation of Vietnam, a booming country in the Asia--Pacific region with its economic rise and education…

This exploratory mixed method research aimed to develop parent and child forms of a scale to measure parents' practices to reward and punish their children. For the qualitative strand, semi-structured interviews were conducted with parents (n = 54) and their children (n = 39). The qualitative analysis revealed four major themes regarding parental…

Adults deliver mixed messages to children about the acceptability of truth- and lie-telling across contexts. To probe this discrepancy, we investigated how adults evaluate children's truths and lies across various situations. Participants watched videos of children telling prosocial lies or hurtful truths that varied in their directness (blunt or…

Social rewards and punishments are strong motivators. Since experimental work has focused on young adults using simplistic feedback, the effects of more naturalistic stimuli on motivation, evaluative learning, and socio-emotional processing with advanced age remain unclear. Therefore, we compared the effects of static (photos) vs dynamic (videos)…

This paper aims to interpret the lived experience of Indonesian universities' leaders in order to offer a new way of understanding leadership and exercising leadership in higher education. Heidegger's Hermeneutic Phenomenological approach is used to capture the real experience of those leaders in demonstrating how they live and exercise a…

The aim of the study is to examine the relationship between self-leadership and teachers' psychological well-being. Relational screening model was used in the study. The universe of the research is 2465 teachers working at all levels of public schools in Beykoz district of Istanbul. The sample of the study consists of 337 teachers selected from…