Implementing peer feedback in revisions is a complex process involving first planning to fix problems and then actual implementing feedback through revisions. Both phases are influenced by features of the peer feedback itself, but potentially in different ways, and yet prior research has not examined their separate role in planning or the…

When we examine the state of writing instruction in many schools and classrooms, we find that few teachers are actually teaching students to become better writers in large part because they are relying on process models that do not accurately reflect the complex task of creating good writing and that are out of step with current research. Merely…

Multiple choice questions are used as evaluations in nursing schools. Nursing instructors and nursing book publishers develop exam questions. The specific problem addressed by the study was how best practice in multiple choice test items, item analysis, and revision of choice test items used by nursing instructors. Using a survey method, this…

The purpose of this study is to examine how validity has been presented in technical and other users' manuals for various editions (i.e., revisions) of the same commercially published test over time. Although the unitary view of validity came to prominence more than 30 years ago and has been embraced in the "Standards for Educational and…

Recent technology advances have enabled the collection of keystroke logs during writing, a non-intrusive approach to collecting writing process data that could provide insights into writers' editing and revising behaviors in the writing process. Using keystroke logs from 761 middle school students in the US, this study investigated the association…

Especially in the wake of the recent pandemic, asynchronous consulting has become increasingly central to writing center work. Yet writing center scholarship has little attended to the significant impact writer input can have on asynchronous writer-consultant exchanges. Drawing on asynchronous consultation data collected before and after our 2019…

The study of revision has been a topic of interest in writing research over the past decades. Numerous studies have, for instance, shown that learning-to-revise is one of the key competences in writing development. Moreover, several models of revision have been developed, and a variety of taxonomies have been used to measure revision in empirical…

This study investigated the revision effectiveness of peer feedback in comparison with teacher feedback, before and after a peer feedback training intervention that was designed to be implementable in large teaching load contexts and with EFL students. Fifty-six EFL students across two different class sections received teacher or peer feedback…

This case study investigates how two English language learners used knowledge they coconstructed while collaboratively processing written corrective feedback (WCF) on jointly produced texts. It does so through the lens of sociocultural theory (SCT). This study extends the extant literature by investigating how coconstructed knowledge emerging from…

In the context of process-oriented writing instruction, the significance of engaging students in draft revision is widely acknowledged (McGarrell and Verbeem, ELT Journal 61:228-236, 2007). Nevertheless, L2 learners often exhibit limited motivation for writing, leading to inadequate revision efforts. This quasi-experimental study investigates the…

Background: Primary school is key to developing writing skills. However, students may face challenges in identifying and revising articles due to weak language skills, organisational thinking, comprehension, and analytical skills. Therefore, improving the writing skills of primary school students with writing difficulties has become important.…

Purpose: Peer review is one teaching activity that is gaining ground in academic writing training. Studies have addressed the variety of benefits involved and students are able to identify peer review's positive aspects. However, it is still unknown whether the impact peer review has on texts is aligned with what students believe. This research…

Conventional letter- or number-based grading systems, though ubiquitous at all levels of education, do not optimize the learning experience. The philosophy of "ungrading" includes a variety of approaches that decenter or even remove numeric or letter scoring of student work in favor of descriptive feedback, opportunities for revision,…

This study examines the impact of the College, Career, and Community Writers Program (C3WP) on upper-elementary students' first draft writing quality, addressing the challenges teachers face in providing timely and effective feedback on extensive student writing, particularly in spelling, grammar, mechanics, and cohesion. The hypothesis posits…

Distance education has increased steadily since the onset of COVID-19. As online offerings become a staple in programs of study, rather than the exception, it is important to consider how instructors design their courses to incorporate feedback as well as how they promote active student involvement in feedback processes. In this paper, the authors…