Discussions on the affirmative action issue have failed to realize that if race as a concept was used in the past to decide who would not benefit from the American Dream, it must now be used to remedy the effects of what has happened. (Author/AM)

Recently the Supreme Court has emphasized that discriminatory intent must be proven before there can be a finding of a violation of the Constitution's Equal Protection Clause. The purpose of affirmative action and preferential admission policies is not to discriminate against white males, but to eradicate the perpetuation of historical…

Several court cases concerning affirmative action programs both in education and in employment are reviewed in light of Titles VI and VII of the Civil Rights Act. Implications of past court decisions are discussed, as are possible future decisions. (MC)

Black women have emerged as leaders because they are the most stable forces within Black communities, go to the polls in greater numbers, organize and unite for service for their communities, and are politically active. (CMG)

Because of the legacy of unequal treatment of Blacks in America, the institutions of this society must be permitted to give consideration to race in making decisions about who will hold positions of influence, affluence, and prestige. (Author/MC)

The opinions of the nine Justices who participated in the Bakke decision are examined. (MC)