Differential observing responses (DORs) are additional response requirements used to promote orientation to a stimulus in a discrimination task. Farber and Dickson (2023) recently provided a DOR taxonomy, and these authors reported that no prior research has compared the effects of distinct DOR requirements. We compared the effects of two DOR…

The authors sought to further the understanding of reading processes and their links to comprehension using two reading tasks for elementary-grade students. One hundred sixty-six students in grades 2-5 were randomly assigned to one of two conditions: reading with questions presented concurrently with text or reading with questions presented after…

Even though the impact of the position of response options on answers to multiple-choice items has been investigated for decades, it remains debated. Research on this topic is inconclusive, perhaps because too few studies have obtained experimental data from large-sized samples in a real-world context and have manipulated the position of both…

The goal of this study was to assess the relationships between computational approaches to analyzing constructed responses made during reading and individual differences in the foundational skills of reading in college readers. We also explored if these relationships were consistent across texts and samples collected at different institutions and…

In 2015, the "Programme for International Student Assessment" (PISA) introduced multiple changes in its study design, the most extensive being the transition from paper- to computer-based assessment. We investigated the differences between German students' text responses to eight reading items from the paper-based study in 2012 to text…

This study investigated the cognitive processes and reader characteristics of sixth graders who had good and poor performance when reading scientific text with diagrams. We first measured the reading ability and reading self-efficacy of sixth-grade participants, and then recorded their eye movements while they were reading an illustrated…

Our understanding of reading--including reading multimodal texts--is always constrained or opened up by what we consider to be a text, what aspects of a reader's embodied activity we focus on, and how we draw a boundary around a reading event. This article brings together five literacy researchers who respond to a human-scale graphic novel,…

The effects of properties of words on their reading aloud response times (RTs) are 1 major source of evidence about the reading process. The precision with which such RTs could potentially be predicted by word properties is critical to evaluate our understanding of reading but is often underestimated due to contamination from individual…

This study investigates brain potentials to derived word forms in Spanish. Two experiments were performed on derived nominals that differ in terms of their productivity and semantic properties but are otherwise similar, an acceptability judgment task and a reading experiment using event-related brain potentials (ERPs) in which correctly and…

Background: This study investigates children's ability to generate inferences from narratives containing counterfactual information. Methods: 39 typically developing readers (mean age 10; 05) completed an on-line task in which they were asked to read short passages, followed by sentences which they had to judge as true or false. The sentences…

Three experiments explored how pictures in award-winning children's storybooks contribute to their cohesion. In Experiment 1, one group of college students read storybooks with pictures, and another group read them with the pictures removed. Both groups answered questions inserted periodically. The source for about one half of the questions was…

The purpose of this article is to describe how teachers can foster strategic reading processes in their early literacy classrooms, and how to incorporate a Strategy Perception Interview to assist in documenting students' use and perceptions of these strategies. Descriptions of classroom instruction incorporating literacy strategies and…

This study extends previous research done on the impulsivity-reflection dimension whereby it was determined that children who are impulsive tend to report the first response that occurs to them, while reflective children delay before answering (considering the alternative solutions to problems with high response uncertainty); and that…

The purpose of the assignment described in this article was to help students see that reading a literary work is not a straightforward process and to have students arrive at an understanding of just how complex a thing the responding mind is. (Author/RK)

A STUDY WAS CONDUCTED TO DETERMINE HOW ADULTS ADAPT TO DIFFERENT PASSAGE ORGANIZATIONS AND STIMULI WHICH PLAY A CRITICAL ROLE IN GOVERNING READING BEHAVIOR. A MODEL OF READING IS DESCRIBED WHICH STATES THAT SUBJECTS ENTER A MINIMAL SET OF STIMULI INTO MEMORY WHICH GOVERNS SUBSEQUENT FEEDBACK CONTROL, AND THAT SUBJECTS ALLOW PASSAGE ORGANIZATION TO…