Although the public is best served by governmental agencies which have integrated the major functions of planning, managing, and budgeting, it can be asserted that the planning function is paramount. A review of the evolution of public agency administration in the U.S. reveals that until recent years the planning function has been largely…

A set of procedures were developed which assist in structuring tasks and objectives in a manner to permit rational decision making. The model uses a jury of experts to rank various objectives and program processes in terms of their importance. Values are generated which relate to costs in the form of a utility-cost ratio. The model was tested in a…

This document discusses the role of educational objectives in the construction of a program budget. Special emphasis is given to the necessity of specifying primary objectives--those that support basic values and fulfill community needs. Because primary objectives are at the top of the educational objectives hierarchy and provide the format for…

It is the purpose of this paper to discuss cost-benefit analysis in terms of: (1) its logic and meaning, (2) some of the misconceptions which prevail concerning this method of evaluation, (3) some of the problems and limitations of this method, and (4) the conclusions of a study which attempted to determine whether or not there is pay-off from an…

Program budgeting is an effective tool in helping school administrators and faculty to draw up budgets which reflect their own needs and those of their clients. The "systems approach" can be used to draw up a program budget systematically. Part I outlines systems concepts and the systems approach as they can be applied to education. Also, the…