Objective/Research Question: Many localities have implemented promise programs, which cover tuition for students to attend college based on residency criteria. These "free college" programs have been shown to increase student enrollment, creating the need for additional institutional resources to support student graduation. We analyzed…

The U.S. education system is in reality 51 distinct systems, each governed by unique rules for revenue generation, allocation, and utilization (Baker, 2021). Despite this decentralization, common trends exist in state funding policies. All 50 US states adjust resource allocation in efforts to address the perceived unique needs of particular…

This publication includes tables with data on public elementary and secondary education revenues and expenditures at the local education agency (LEA) or school district level for fiscal year (FY) 2023. Specifically, the tables include finance data on the following topics: (1) Current expenditure totals and current expenditure per pupil amounts by…

This First Look report presents data on public elementary and secondary education revenues and expenditures at the local education agency (LEA) or school district level for fiscal year (FY) 2022. Specifically, this report includes the following types of school district finance data: (1) revenue, current expenditure, and capital outlay expenditure…

This publication provides information on the flow of government funding for vocational education and training (VET) in Australia. The publication is based on 2024 data provided by the Australian, state and territory government departments responsible for administering funds for Australia's VET system.

This paper delves into the effects of public investment on primary school enrollment in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) across three decades, from 1990 to 2020. Autoregressive distributed lag models are employed to evaluate their long-term relationship for the whole sample and four distinct sub-samples while also probing the potential…

This First Look report introduces new data for national and state-level public elementary and secondary revenues and expenditures for fiscal year (FY) 2022. Specifically, this report includes the following school finance data: (1) revenue and expenditure totals; (2) revenues by source; (3) expenditures by function, subfunction, and object; (4)…

"Leading Thoughtful Conversations about School-by-School Spending Data" is a product of a federally-funded study to support the US Department of Education and the field more broadly to understand what data visualizations work to fuel thoughtful conversation among district and school leaders on financial strategy and management. This…

Between 1999 and 2018, 210 shootings have occurred on public school campuses in the United States. The increased need for security and student support may crowd out instructional resources post-shooting. Shootings may also cause students, especially those from socioeconomically advantaged backgrounds, to move away, leading to declines in…

To investigate the relationship between Chinese university funding and academic output, we collected data on the scale and the structure of funding and academic output of 36 World-Class universities under construction in China during 2013-21 and 2014-22. Furthermore, we empirically analyzed the effects of funding scale and structure on academic…

This research analyzes the magnitude and distribution of higher education subsidies by socioeconomic status in the United States and its changes between 2004 and 2016. Various types of subsidy, including governmental, institutional, and other private sources are taken into account and the variations within and between sectors of higher education…

Background: Previous literature has increasingly highlighted the critical importance of quality leadership in fostering student success (Grissom & Bartanen, 2019; Leithwood et al., 2004). As a result, educational policymakers at the federal, state, and local levels have implemented a range of policies aimed at strengthening the preparation and…

To help the nation respond to the pandemic, Congress injected about $4.6 trillion into the U.S. economy through the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act and subsequent legislation. Of this amount, over $75 billion was directed to institutions of higher education through the Higher Education Emergency Relief (HEER) Fund,…

Between 2020 and 2021, Congress appropriated nearly $190 billion in Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief (ESSER) funding for K-12 schools. Passed in three waves, ESSER is by far the largest federal infusion ever provided to K-12 schools--more than 11 times annual Title I spending and almost five times as large as total federal K-12…

This study examined selected teacher and school factors and their relationship to middle schools' reading achievement in South Carolina. There are three teacher factors and four school factors. This research study's teacher factors were teacher retention, teachers with advanced degrees, and teacher salary. This research study's school factors were…