Reluctance to use group mean as the unit of analysis is partly due to the belief that fewer observations per treatment greatly reduces the probability of detecting a treatment effect. This is discussed; equations are presented to facilitate power estimates when the group mean is the unit of analysis. (Author/BW)

Identifies problems in evaluation research in organizational development (OD), including definition of objectives, research design, sampling, measurement, statistical validity and reliability, and interpretation of results. Recommends improvements in each evaluation area and suggests using utility theory, which requires estimation of all costs and…

In response to criticisms of a study conducted by Shaffran and Decarie, the author underscores the need for objective, accurate peer evaluation. Errors and misinterpretations in the critical article are reported and corrected. (Author/RH)

Replies to Solomon's paper that basic criticisms made earlier of Shaffran and Decaries' study still apply. Views the study as essentially a confirmation of the null hypothesis based on weak measures. (Author/RH)

Offers examples of research in language arts education to illustrate both the values and difficulties of such research. (RL)

The problem addressed is of assessing the loss of power which results from keeping the probability that at least one Type I error will occur in a family of N statistical tests at a tolerably low level. (Author/BW)

Two fundamental behavior functions are associated with single-subject experimental research: the subject's orderly behavior actually occurring in the experiment of interest and the subject's average orderly behavior across all possible theoretical replications of the experiment of interest. General approaches in investigating both behavior…

Analyses indicated that higher IQ interviewees were generally more responsive to questions, more often in agreement with the nonretarded informants, and less acquiescent on yes-no questions than were lower IQ interviewees. (Author/DLS)

Notes the difficulties of conducting meaningful research in formative evaluation; reviews issues in the administration, breadth of applicability, and theoretical bases of formative evaluation; and suggests areas where research is still needed. (Author/JD)

Offers a theoretical distinction between self-concept and self-esteem (the former as descriptive and the latter as valuative) and suggests the implications of such differentiation. (MP)

Describes problems resulting from certain uses of research in practical situations that indicate that reading educators should be cautious about how they use the findings of research in teaching. (MKM)

The article illustrates a method to estimate changes in the statistical power of a study which are caused by changes in the reliability of the dependent variable. (Author)

The article discusses whether research conducted as proposed on human beings may interfere with their human rights and values. (Author/DLS)

Provides a perspective of the literature reviewed by Calfee and Drum by discussing the reasons why and the conditions under which researchers and practitioners must better inform each other about their respective work. (Author)

The author contends that the current evidence for an attentional deficit explanation of learning disability must be evaluated cautiously. (Author/CL)