This report describes two different applications of the Classroom Activity Record (CAR), an observational approach to capturing contextual features of classrooms. Subject matter content, instructional format, quantity and quality of teacher-student interaction, sequence of routines and events, and student attention and engagement among other…

"A Study of Schooling" is an in-depth descriptive study of 38 purposively sampled schools in the United States. Many aspects of the educational process were examined, from student attitudes to principal leadership styles. Essential to this comprehensive view of education is a view of within classroom processes, including teacher student…

Twenty-eight mature women were recruited from the community and trained in a 21 category observation code of family interaction. Observers were assigned randomly to three experimental groups and given different expectancy rationales about the outcomes of the studies for which they would be collecting data. All groups were told they would be…