Investigates significance tests as a tool for helping to identify real effects in the face of random variation. Speculates that equivalence tests improve the logic of significance testing when demonstrating similarity is important. Reverse tests can help show that failure to reject a null hypothesis does not support that hypothesis. (Contains 30…

Highlights the significance of what happens when scientists cite and paraphrase the conclusions of past research. Discusses the implications of changing the hedges that describe the uncertainty of the conclusions, which in turn can change the uncertainty of past results. (Contains 42 references.) (DDR)