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Direct linkKaplan, Avi; Cromley, Jennifer; Perez, Tony; Dai, Ting; Mara, Kyle; Balsai, Michael – Educational Researcher, 2020
In this commentary, we complement other constructive critiques of educational randomized control trials (RCTs) by calling attention to the commonly ignored role of context in causal mechanisms undergirding educational phenomena. We argue that evidence for the central role of context in causal mechanisms challenges the assumption that RCT findings…
Descriptors: Context Effect, Educational Research, Randomized Controlled Trials, Causal Models
Kaplan, Avi; Cromley, Jennifer; Perez, Tony; Dai, Ting; Mara, Kyle; Balsai, Michael – Grantee Submission, 2020
In this commentary, we complement other constructive critiques of educational randomized control trials (RCTs) by calling attention to the commonly ignored role of context in causal mechanisms undergirding educational phenomena. We argue that evidence for the central role of context in causal mechanisms challenges the assumption that RCT findings…
Descriptors: Context Effect, Educational Research, Randomized Controlled Trials, Causal Models
Marzano, Robert J.; Parsley, Danette; Gagnon, Douglas J.; Norford, Jennifer S. – Marzano Research, 2020
Teachers engaging in research has been discussed and carried out under the heuristics and methodologies of action research (Manfra, 2019; Pine, 2009). A typical action research project might involve an individual teacher studying the effectiveness of a specific instructional strategy like having students preview content before receiving direct…
Descriptors: Teacher Researchers, Teaching Methods, Intervention, Generalization
West, Stephen G.; Thoemmes, Felix – Psychological Methods, 2010
Donald Campbell's approach to causal inference (D. T. Campbell, 1957; W. R. Shadish, T. D. Cook, & D. T. Campbell, 2002) is widely used in psychology and education, whereas Donald Rubin's causal model (P. W. Holland, 1986; D. B. Rubin, 1974, 2005) is widely used in economics, statistics, medicine, and public health. Campbell's approach focuses on…
Descriptors: Causal Models, Research Methodology, Validity, Inferences
Shadish, William R. – Psychological Methods, 2010
This article compares Donald Campbell's and Donald Rubin's work on causal inference in field settings on issues of epistemology, theories of cause and effect, methodology, statistics, generalization, and terminology. The two approaches are quite different but compatible, differing mostly in matters of bandwidth versus fidelity. Campbell's work…
Descriptors: Inferences, Generalization, Epistemology, Causal Models
Peer reviewedLipsey, Mark W. – New Directions for Program Evaluation, 1993
Explores the role of theory in strengthening causal interpretations in nonexperimental research. Evaluators must conduct theory-driven research, concentrating on "small theory," in that the focus is on the explanation of processes specific to the program being evaluated. Theory-guided treatment research must be programmatic and…
Descriptors: Causal Models, Effect Size, Evaluators, Generalization
