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Peer reviewedKenneth A. Frank; Qinyun Lin; Spiro J. Maroulis – Grantee Submission, 2024
In the complex world of educational policy, causal inferences will be debated. As we review non-experimental designs in educational policy, we focus on how to clarify and focus the terms of debate. We begin by presenting the potential outcomes/counterfactual framework and then describe approximations to the counterfactual generated from the…
Descriptors: Causal Models, Statistical Inference, Observation, Educational Policy
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Direct linkKaplan, Avi; Cromley, Jennifer; Perez, Tony; Dai, Ting; Mara, Kyle; Balsai, Michael – Educational Researcher, 2020
In this commentary, we complement other constructive critiques of educational randomized control trials (RCTs) by calling attention to the commonly ignored role of context in causal mechanisms undergirding educational phenomena. We argue that evidence for the central role of context in causal mechanisms challenges the assumption that RCT findings…
Descriptors: Context Effect, Educational Research, Randomized Controlled Trials, Causal Models
Kaplan, Avi; Cromley, Jennifer; Perez, Tony; Dai, Ting; Mara, Kyle; Balsai, Michael – Grantee Submission, 2020
In this commentary, we complement other constructive critiques of educational randomized control trials (RCTs) by calling attention to the commonly ignored role of context in causal mechanisms undergirding educational phenomena. We argue that evidence for the central role of context in causal mechanisms challenges the assumption that RCT findings…
Descriptors: Context Effect, Educational Research, Randomized Controlled Trials, Causal Models
Shen, Zuchao; Kelcey, Benjamin; Cox, Kyle T.; Zhang, Jiaqi – AERA Online Paper Repository, 2017
Recent studies show cluster randomized trials may be well powered to detect mediation or indirect effects in multilevel settings. However, literature has rarely provided guidance on designing cluster-randomized trials aim to assess indirect effects. In this study, we developed closed-form expression to estimate the variance of and the statistical…
Descriptors: Randomized Controlled Trials, Research Design, Context Effect, Statistical Analysis
Reardon, Sean F.; Raudenbush, Stephen W. – Grantee Submission, 2013
The increasing availability of data from multi-site randomized trials provides a potential opportunity to use instrumental variables methods to study the effects of multiple hypothesized mediators of the effect of a treatment. We derive nine assumptions needed to identify the effects of multiple mediators when using site-by-treatment interactions…
Descriptors: Causal Models, Measures (Individuals), Research Design, Context Effect
Eno, Jared; Heppen, Jessica – Society for Research on Educational Effectiveness, 2014
Algebra is considered a key gatekeeper for higher-level mathematics course-taking in high school and for college enrollment (Adelman, 2006; Gamoran & Hannigan, 2000). Yet, algebra pass rates are consistently low in many places (Higgins, 2008; Ham & Walker, 1999; Helfand, 2006), including Chicago Public Schools (CPS). This is of particular…
Descriptors: Algebra, Remedial Mathematics, Academic Failure, Credits
