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Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Cumming, Alister; Swain, Merrill – Second Language Research, 1989
Fifteen anecdotes representing technical, conceptual, and political problems experienced by internationally recognized experts in the field of second language learning are presented. The anecdotes provide valuable insight for other researchers, users of research results, and for critical analyses of the second language research process. Author/CB)
Descriptors: Language Research, Personal Narratives, Research Design, Research Methodology
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Swain, Merrill – Comparative Education Review, 1978
In discussing the problems of evaluating Canadian bilingual immersion programs, six related aspects are separately considered: (1) the research design, (2) the students tested, (3) the nature of the tests used, (4) the methods of analysis employed, and (5) the interpretation of findings. (Author/SJL)
Descriptors: Bilingual Education, Elementary Education, Evaluation Methods, French
Swain, Merrill – 1976
One of the overriding problems of any psychometric study is that aspects of behavior that are nonquantifiable or difficult to quantify are not considered. The other side of this coin is that those aspects of behavior that are easiest to quantify tend to be what are examined. In evaluating bilingual education programs, problems are found in the…
Descriptors: Bilingual Education, Bilingual Schools, Bilingual Students, Bilingual Teachers