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Avci, Rasit; Çolakkadioglu, Oguzhan; Öz, Aysegül Sükran; Akbas, Turan – Educational Research and Reviews, 2015
The purpose of this study was to adapt "The Boundary Violations Scale" (Madden et al., 2002), which was created to measure the intergenerational boundary violations in families from the perspective of children, to Turkish and to test the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of this instrument. This instrument was developed…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Measures (Individuals), Interpersonal Relationship, Construct Validity
Wang, Xiao-Hua; Howell, Jane M. – Journal of Applied Psychology, 2010
We developed a dual-level transformational leadership scale to measure individual-focused behavior at the individual level and group-focused behavior at the group level, and we validated the scale using a sample of 203 members from 60 work groups in a Canadian company. Results show that individual-focused leadership behavior, at the individual…
Descriptors: Helping Relationship, Measures (Individuals), Transformational Leadership, Leadership

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