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David Ruiz Méndez – Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 2024
The aim of this study was to model a situation that induced choice between following two incompatible rules, each associated with a different rate of reinforcement. In Experiment 1, eight undergraduate students were exposed to a two-component multiple schedule (training). In each component, there was a concurrent variable interval (VI)-extinction…
Descriptors: Decision Making, Guidelines, Reinforcement, Undergraduate Students
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Quigley, Jennifer; Dowdy, Art; Trucksess, Kelly; Finlay, Amanda – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2021
Individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who engage in stereotypy may also emit a prior, temporally contiguous, high-risk response to access stereotypic behaviors. For example, the participant in this study who was diagnosed with ASD engaged in a chained response that included elopement, often in unsafe locations, to access light…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Behavior Modification, Behavior Problems
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Akers, Jessica S.; Retzlaff, Billie J.; Fisher, Wayne W.; Greer, Brian D.; Kaminski, Ami J.; DeSouza, Andresa A. – Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 2019
Most verbal behavior curricula for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) focus on teaching multiple mands during the early stages of training (e.g., picture exchange communication system; Bondy & Frost, 1994). However, few, if any, of those curricula train children with ASD to differentially mand only for reinforcers that are reasonable…
Descriptors: Behavior Modification, Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Training
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Moore, James W.; Russo, Kayla; Gilfeather, Angelina; Whipple, Heather M.; Stanford, Greg – Journal of Behavioral Education, 2018
Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) often emit errors during the establishment of conditional discriminations. These children may not respond to more traditional error-correction procedures, such as least-to-most prompting. In this study, we compared two other types of error-correction procedures, namely embedding an identity-matching…
Descriptors: Error Correction, Children, Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Pear, Joseph J. – Psychology Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2016
For over a century and a quarter, the science of learning has expanded at an increasing rate and has achieved the status of a mature science. It has developed powerful methodologies and applications. The rise of this science has been so swift that other learning texts often overlook the fact that, like other mature sciences, the science of…
Descriptors: Learning Processes, Educational Research, Sciences, Educational Principles
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Lotfizadeh, Amin D.; Edwards, Timothy L.; Redner, Ryan; Poling, Alan – Behavior Analyst, 2012
Several recent studies have explored what Michael (e.g., 1982) termed the "value-altering" effect and the "behavior-altering" effect of motivating operations. One aspect of the behavior-altering effect that has garnered no recent attention involves changes in stimulus control produced by motivating operations. To call attention to this aspect of…
Descriptors: Discrimination Learning, Stimuli, Stimulus Generalization, Motivation
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Zaine, Isabela; Domeniconi, Camila; de Rose, Julio C. – Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 2014
This study evaluated an intervention package combining simple and conditional discrimination training and specific reinforcement for each stimulus class in teaching reading of simple words to individuals with intellectual disabilities. In conditional discrimination training, participants matched printed words and pictures to the recorded sounds…
Descriptors: Reading Instruction, Intervention, Discrimination Learning, Intellectual Disability
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de Castro, Ana Catarina; Machado, Armando – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2012
In a temporal double bisection task, animals learn two discriminations. In the presence of Red and Green keys, responses to Red are reinforced after 1-s samples and responses to Green are reinforced after 4-s samples; in the presence of Blue and Yellow keys, responses to Blue are reinforced after 4-s samples and responses to Yellow are reinforced…
Descriptors: Animals, Reinforcement, Context Effect, Probability
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Le Pelley, M. E. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2012
Monkeys will selectively and adaptively learn to avoid the most difficult trials of a perceptual discrimination learning task. Couchman, Coutinho, Beran, and Smith (2010) have recently demonstrated that this pattern of responding does not depend on animals receiving trial-by-trial feedback for their responses; it also obtains if experience of the…
Descriptors: Animals, Associative Learning, Feedback (Response), Discrimination Learning
Harms, Melanie D. – ProQuest LLC, 2013
Individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders are challenged with memory and language deficits that impact their skills acquisition (Martin, Klusek, Estigarriba, & Roberts, 2009; Turner & Alborz, 2003). The value of music when applied as an antecedent and a reinforcer has long been established to address such memory and language deficits…
Descriptors: Neurological Impairments, Music Therapy, Discrimination Learning, Skill Development
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Reynolds, Gemma; Reed, Phil – Research in Developmental Disabilities: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2011
Stimulus over-selectivity refers to behavior being controlled by one element of the environment at the expense of other equally salient aspects of the environment. Four experiments trained and tested non-clinical participants on a two-component trial-and-error discrimination task to explore the effects of different training regimes on…
Descriptors: Reinforcement, Stimuli, Experiments, Training
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Troisi, Joseph R., II; Bryant, Erin; Kane, Jennifer – Psychological Record, 2012
Extinction and recovery of the discriminative stimulus effects of nicotine (0.3 mg/kg) was investigated with a devalued food reinforcer (rats sated). Sixteen rats were trained in a counterbalanced one manipulandum (nose-poke) drug discrimination procedure with the roles of nicotine and saline counterbalanced as S[superscript D] and S[superscript…
Descriptors: Therapy, Reinforcement, Smoking, Stimuli
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Lozano, J. H.; Hernandez, J. M.; Rubio, V. J.; Santacreu, J. – Learning and Individual Differences, 2011
Although intelligence has traditionally been identified as "the ability to learn" (Peterson, 1925), this relationship has been questioned in simple operant learning tasks (Spielberger, 1962). Nevertheless, recent pieces of research have demonstrated a strong and significant correlation between associative learning measures and intelligence…
Descriptors: Intelligence, Associative Learning, Reinforcement, Task Analysis
Escobar, Rogelio; Bruner, Carlos A. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2009
The control exerted by a stimulus associated with an extinction component (S-) on observing responses was determined as a function of its temporal relation with the onset of the reinforcement component (S+). Lever pressing by rats was reinforced on a mixed random-interval extinction schedule. Each press on a second lever produced stimuli…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Reinforcement, Responses, Animals
Weiss, Stanley J.; Kearns, David N.; Antoshina, Maria – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2009
According to the composite-stimulus control model (Weiss, 1969, 1972b), an individual discriminative stimulus (S[superscript D]) is composed of that S[superscript D]'s on-state plus the off-states of all other relevant S[superscript D]s. The present experiment investigated the reversibility of composite-stimulus control. Separate groups of rats…
Descriptors: Stimulus Generalization, Discrimination Learning, Animals, Behavioral Science Research
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