Background: Processing and comprehending information from multiple sources have been a primary means of learning and are essential 21st-century skills to construct knowledge for a deeper understanding. Objectives This study examined students' individual differences in search strategies and internet epistemic beliefs as well as the effect of…

A study determined the effects of signalling and note taking on recall of information and top level structure of text under immediate and delayed conditions. The subjects (180 undergraduate education students) were randomly assigned to one of four treatment conditions--signals/notes, signals/no notes, no signals/notes, or no signals/no notes.…

Two experiments (n=41 and n=166), one in listening and one in reading, examined the relationships among signaling (structural cues), notetaking, and field dependence-independence in college students. Field-independent subjects seemed to use a tacit structure strategy, whereas field-dependent subjects seemed to display structuring skills when…