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Cárcamo Morales, Benjamín – TESOL Journal, 2020
This article evaluates the mandatory English as a foreign language textbooks provided by the government in Chile in terms of readability and types of questions. Three readability formulas are used to analyze the texts: Flesch Reading Ease, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, and Coh-Metrix L2 reading index (RDL2). To evaluate the cognitive demands that…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Foreign Countries
UK Department for Education, 2024
This report sets out the findings of the technical development work completed as part of the Use Cases for Generative AI in Education project, commissioned by the Department for Education (DfE) in September 2023. It has been published alongside the User Research Report, which sets out the findings from the ongoing user engagement activity…
Descriptors: Artificial Intelligence, Technology Uses in Education, Computer Software, Computational Linguistics
O'Brien, Edward J.; Cook, Anne E. – Discourse Processes: A multidisciplinary journal, 2016
Common to all models of reading comprehension is the assumption that a reader's level of comprehension is heavily influenced by their standards of coherence (van den Broek, Risden, & Husbye-Hartman, 1995). Our discussion focuses on a subcomponent of the readers' standards of coherence: the coherence threshold. We situate this discussion within…
Descriptors: Reading Comprehension, Models, Rhetoric, Reading Ability
Goldman, Susan R.; Lee, Carol D. – Elementary School Journal, 2014
Standards for literacy in the twenty-first century raise the bar on the complexity of texts and the tasks for which they are used. The strengths and limitations of contemporary approaches to text complexity are discussed with respect to major points raised in the six articles in this special issue. In addition, four features of text that are of…
Descriptors: Difficulty Level, Readability, Readability Formulas, Reader Text Relationship
Hiebert, Elfrieda H. – Online Submission, 2011
A focus of the Common Core State Standards/English Language Arts (CCSS/ELA) is that students become increasingly more capable with complex text over their school careers. This focus has redirected attention to the measurement of text complexity. Although CCSS/ELA suggests multiple criteria for this task, the standards offer a single measure of…
Descriptors: Reading Research, State Standards, Information Sources, Achievement Rating
Hiebert, Elfrieda H. – Journal of Education, 2011
The "Common Core State Standards/English Language Arts" include the ability to become increasingly more capable with complex text over the school career, redirecting attention to the measurement of text complexity. While suggesting multiple criteria, the Standards offer a single measure of text complexity--Lexiles. Additional…
Descriptors: Readability Formulas, Readability, Information Sources, Difficulty Level
Burke, Victoria; Greenberg, Daphne – Adult Basic Education and Literacy Journal, 2010
There are many readability tools that instructors can use to help adult learners select reading materials. We describe and compare different types of readability tools: formulas calculated by hand, tools found on the Web, tools embedded in a word processing program, and readability tools found in a commercial software program. Practitioners do not…
Descriptors: Reading Materials, Readability, Reading Material Selection, Comparative Analysis
Thomas, Conn; Carpenter, Clint – Teacher Education and Practice, 2008
The development of the Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills test involves input from educators across the state. The development process attempts to create an assessment that reflects the skills and content understanding of students at the tested grade level. This study attempts to determine other factors that can affect student performance on…
Descriptors: Readability, Science Tests, Item Analysis, Reading Processes
Daghio, M. Monica; Fattori, Giuseppe; Ciardullo, Anna V. – Advances in Health Sciences Education, 2006
Objectives: We compared two non-alternative methods to assess the readability and learning of easy-to-read educational health materials co-written by physicians, educators and citizens. Methods: Data from seven easy-to-read materials were analyzed. Readability formulae, and ad hoc data on readability and learning were also computed. Results: The…
Descriptors: Readability, Health Materials, Evaluation Methods, Functional Reading

Gordon, Robert M. – English Journal, 1980
The Dale-Chall Readability Formula and the Fry Readability Graph were used to analyze passages of Plato's "Parmenides," a notoriously difficult literary piece. The readability levels of the text ranged from fourth to eighth grade (Dale-Chall) and from sixth to tenth grade (Fry), indicating the limitations of the readability tests. (DF)
Descriptors: Difficulty Level, Measurement Techniques, Readability, Readability Formulas
Oakland, Thomas; Lane, Holly B. – International Journal of Testing, 2004
Issues pertaining to language and reading while developing and adapting tests are examined. Strengths and limitations associated with the use of readability formulas are discussed. Their use should be confined to paragraphs and longer passages, not items. Readability methods that consider both quantitative and qualitative variables and are…
Descriptors: Test Content, Readability, Readability Formulas, Test Construction

Luiten, John; And Others – Reading World, 1979
Discusses a method for accurately assessing the internal variations in the readability of a book. (TJ)
Descriptors: Elementary Secondary Education, Readability, Readability Formulas, Textbook Evaluation

Fitzgerald, Gisela G. – Reading Research Quarterly, 1980
Takes issue with E. Fry's widely accepted claim that the average readability of a book is ascertainable on the basis of only three samples; reports that numerous samples were needed to estimate readability means of 36 basal workbooks. (MKM)
Descriptors: Basal Reading, Elementary Education, Readability, Readability Formulas

Baldwin, R. Scott; Kaufman, Rhonda K. – Journal of Reading, 1979
Attempts to determine whether the Raygor graph produces readability estimates compatible with estimates derived from the Fry graph, whether the Raygor graph is less time-consuming, and whether it lends itself to greater computational accuracy. (DD)
Descriptors: Elementary Secondary Education, Higher Education, Readability, Readability Formulas

Maddux, Cleborne D.; Candler, Ann – Mental Retardation, 1990
Ten introductory textbooks on mental retardation were analyzed with the Flesch formula for reading ease and interest. All texts fell in the "difficult, college level" category for complexity, but seven were classified as "dull" and three "mildly interesting." Most included adequate organizational aids, and agreement…
Descriptors: Higher Education, Mental Retardation, Readability, Readability Formulas
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