On January 20, 2009, essentially 200 years after the enactment of the embargo against the slave trade, 40 years after the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr., Barack Hussein Obama became the 44th President of the United States of America. Using the one drop rule for racial designation which has prevailed in the USA for most of its history,…

An outline of guidelines that have characterized successful desegregation programs is presented. (EH)

IN RESPONSE TO THE SUPREME COURT'S CALL FOR ACTION IN REGARD TO INTEGRATION, CERTAIN QUESTIONS WERE ANSWERED. THESE INCLUDED--(1) THE END OF LEGAL SEGREGATION IN THE SCHOOLS WAS NOT A SHARP BREAK WITH THE PAST, SINCE IT WAS AN OUTGROWTH OF THE TREND IN RACE RELATIONS DATING FROM THE END OF WORLD WAR II. (2) RACE RELATIONS WERE NOT UNIFORM…

A close examination of Memphis, Tennessee, public school desegregation since Brown vs. Board of Education demonstrates how successful many southern communities have been in circumventing the decision. By 1981 White flight to the suburbs and increased enrollment in private schools left a public school system 76 percent Black and 24 percent White.…

This book concentrates on the experiences, personal insights, and big events that made up the battle to desegregate the public schools in Boston, Massachusetts. It also gives the historical background of the struggle. In 1965, Massachusetts passed the first state law against de facto segregation, the Racial Imbalance Act. It was not enforced. On…

This document comprises three reports to Congress on activities and programs which are administered by the Office of Education for the Assistant Secretary for Education of the U. S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare. Periodic reports are required under section 714 of the Emergency School Aid Act (ESAA) of 1972 (Title VII of Public Law…

Progress toward the integration of the Tulsa Public Schools has not been without some inconvenience and much patient work, but progress has been made as demonstrated by the jump from one all-black and three all-white high schools in 1954 to ten integrated high schools in 1974. Pupil integration efforts prior to 1970 were limited to boundary…

The purpose of the study reported here was to design a model for the development of a human relations program in selected racially mixed public schools. The following efforts were undertaken: (1) an examination of the literature to obtain the rationale for school desegregation, (2) an identification of a national sample of desegregated school…

The hearings on the issues before the Court in this school desegregation case encompassed weeks of trial. The primary defendants in the instant issue were members of the Virginia State Board of Education; the State Superintendent of Public Instruction; and the members of the respective school boards and boards of supervisors of Henrico and…

The initial black community response to the desegregation plan submitted by the School Department is contained in this document. The principal purpose is to make clear to the court that in evaluating this plan, or any other, improvements in the quality of schooling is sought. Efforts to rid the Boston schools of discriminatory pupil placement are…

The Hillsborough County School District is recognized as the nation's most successfully desegregated metropolitan school district in the United States. Basic statistics show that the pupil population has grown to 115,000; pupil and faculty composition is approximately 80% white and 20% black; 56,000 pupils are transported daily, 25,000 for…

The complex interactions which led to the implementation of the court-ordered desegregation plans for two cities in Massachusetts involve not only the courts but many levels of government. The school departments, the school committees, the mayors, the State Board of Education, the legislature, the governor, and the citizens of Massachusetts, all…

Some of the tasks undertaken by the Pittsburgh Public Schools over the past 10 years in the continuing effort to make desegregation work include the construction of new buildings and the renovation of old, restructuring of school attendance patterns, development of innovative programs, utilization of community resources and support, and the…

The trend in the extent of school desegregation in Nashville-Davidson County, Tennessee, through the decade of the 1960's is examined in this report. This trend analysis has import for two reasons. The progress made toward eliminating the old pattern of racially separate school systems is assessed. Thus, the degree of compliance in one city with…

This document resulted from a 2-day colloquium devoted to the possibilities and constraints of integrating adult education and training in South Africa. The colloquium brought together 77 practitioners from various sectors of adult education and training, including representatives of the state adult education centers, industrial training boards,…