Purpose: This article investigates the extent of multiple knowledges among smallholders and connected non-farm agents around Mount Elgon in Kenya and Uganda in order to build the communicative competence needed to scale up conservation agriculture production systems (CAPS). Design/methodology/approach: Our methodological approach examines local…

In order to improve the agricultural extension system of a country it is essential to link research units and extension activities. In this regard, one of the approaches, which are currently being carried out in Iran, is a joint research-extension plan (JREP). These plans were originally initiated in 1998 with the following objectives: 1) to…

The nature of the Cooperative Extension Service in agriculture was examined to identify aspects that could be applied to the design of an educational extension service. To learn about the organization, programs, and priorities of Cooperative Extension, employees of the state extension services in California, Colorado, New Mexico, New York, and…