This study aimed to develop a structural equation model for ICT competency in administrators affecting school administration and propose implementation guidelines. The research involved two phases: model development and focus group discussions for guideline formulation. The sample included 310 educational administrators and department heads from…

This study developed a Metaverse Competency Scale (MCS) to measure users' proficiency in crucial metaverse skills. The scale was built on a thorough literature review covering digital avatars, immersive experiences, and decentralized value exchange. A two-phase questionnaire approach was employed. In the first phase, a pre-test questionnaire,…