The 2023 Survey of Adult Skills, a product of the OECD Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC), provides a comprehensive overview of adults' literacy, numeracy and adaptive problem-solving skills -- skills that are fundamental for personal, economic and societal development. These key information processing skills…

Probes are follow-ups to survey questions used to gain insights on respondents' understanding of and responses to these questions. They are usually administered as open-ended questions, primarily in the context of questionnaire pretesting. Due to the decreased cost of data collection for open-ended questions in web surveys, researchers have argued…

The problem of local item dependencies (LIDs) is very common in personality and attitude measures, particularly in those that measure narrow-bandwidth dimensions. At the structural level, these dependencies can be modeled by using extended factor analytic (FA) solutions that include correlated residuals. However, the effects that LIDs have on the…

This is the technical report for Wave 7 of the Study of Early Education and Development (SEED), a major longitudinal study following nearly 6,000 children from across England from age 2. Wave 7 included a face-to-face survey of families and children in 2022-2023, when children were in year 6 at school and aged 10-11 years old. For SEED wave 7, the…