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Direct linkHickey, Tina M.; Lewis, Gwyn; Baker, Colin – International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 2014
A challenge noted in a number of endangered language contexts is the need to mix second-language (L2) learners of the target language with first-language (L1) speakers of that language in a less planned way than is found in the two-way immersion approach. Such mixing of L1 speakers of the target language with L2 learners arises from the difficulty…
Descriptors: Welsh, Language Maintenance, Language Skill Attrition, Foreign Countries
Peer reviewedBaker, Colin; Hinde, John – Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 1984
The use of the Language Background Questionnaire is analyzed, and the following criticisms are offered: (1) the varying nature and range of questions used, (2) the inclusion of indirect language background questions, and (3) previous methods of categorization of individuals into groups using language background scores. (SL)
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Communicative Competence (Languages), Ethnic Groups, Foreign Countries
