Globalization and the digitalization of our lives have made it impossible to avoid (inter)cultural encounters. In the traditional classroom environment, students are expected to juggle a myriad of choices almost simultaneously. Factors like grammar, pronunciation, word choice, etc. are all important assessment factors to consider when looking at…

This report presents the findings of a survey carried out in 1970 on nearly 200 degree students in England and Wales studying German as their main subject. The objectives of the survey were to: (1) determine the ranges of language proficiency attained by British graduates in German at various universities and other colleges; (2) interpret these…

The Fluency First in English as a second language (ESL) project at City College (New York) began as a result of the high failure rate among ESL writing students at the college, and the fact that this kept many students from entering the regular college courses. Revision on the ESL reading and writing curricula, beginning in 1987, focused on…