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King, Jean A.; Rohmer-Hirt, Johnna A. – New Directions for Evaluation, 2011
From the 1980s to the present, educational accountability in the United States has grown dramatically. Such accountability in U.S. school districts, although driven primarily by external demands, has internal manifestations as well. The chapter traces the historical development of internal evaluation in American school districts, then highlights…
Descriptors: Public Schools, Testing Programs, Standardized Tests, School Districts
Shepard, Lorrie A. – 1992
The place for standardized testing in Chapter 1 evaluation is discussed. There is substantial evidence available on the negative effects of high-stakes standardized testing, and there is a clear link between Chapter 1 requirements and the amount of testing in most school districts. Standardized testing is usually used to identify eligible…
Descriptors: Accountability, Alternative Assessment, Compensatory Education, Cost Effectiveness