There is a need to address behavior discipline problems in special and general education setting classrooms. Disruptive behaviors are a major concern as they create excessive stress and demands for classroom teachers and school administrators to address them. Effective interventions are needed to properly address them. Moreover, classroom…

Students attending schools in urban areas with high concentrations of poverty are at risk for academic failure. Besides being more likely to live in poverty, urban students in comparison to suburban students are more likely to be English language learners and to be exposed to violence and other health and safety risks linked to negative school and…

This report looks at the 21st Century Community Learning Center (CCLC) programs evaluated by Research for Action (RFA). It seeks to answer the following questions: (1) Who participated in the 21st CCLC programs and how frequently did they participate?; (2) What elements of program quality were in place to achieve the intended outcomes?; and (3)…

This study investigated the effectiveness of the Assessment and LEarning in Knowledge Spaces (ALEKS) system as a method of strategic intervention in after-school settings to improve the mathematical skills of struggling 6th grade students. Students were randomly assigned to after-school classrooms in which they either worked with ALEKS to improve…

As federal and state policymakers and many education researchers and experts suggest, expanding the learning day for students makes sense. Given the demographic trends--women increasingly entering the workforce and low-income families working multiple jobs--children and youth need supervision and opportunities to learn in the hours between 3:00…

This paper examines poverty's impact on student physical health, socioemotional health, and the brain. Further, although children spend only 20 percent of their time in school, this paper examines the school's role in student development, as well as proposes effective policies and programs that go beyond the classroom.

This study investigated the relationship between an after-school tutorial program for African American high school students at a Title I school and scores on the science portion of the High School Graduation Examination (HSGE). Passing the examination was required for graduation. The target high school is 99% African American and the passing rate…

The No Child Left Behind legislation of 2001 requires all public school students to be proficient in math and English by 2014. The research problem that this study addressed is that the majority of schools are not on track to demonstrate this proficiency, potentially creating a nation of schools designated as "failing." This problem has…

Despite a recent increased emphasis on emotional connections to nature and their relationship to stewardship and health outcomes in the environmental education and other literature, there is a lack of understanding of what qualities of nature experiences actually influence emotional connections to nature, otherwise known as environmental…

This article examines the relationship between after-school program quality, program attendance, and academic outcomes for a sample of low-income after-school program participants. Regression and hierarchical linear modeling analyses use a unique longitudinal data set including 29 after-school programs that served 5,108 students in Grades 4 to 8…

This report presents outcomes for students who participated in the Afterschool Centers on Education (ACE) program in 2014-2015. The report compares student outcomes over two years by level of program participation.

This report presents outcomes for students who participated in the Afterschool Centers on Education (ACE) program in 2014-2015. The report compares student outcomes over two years by level of program participation.

This report presents outcomes for students who participated in the Afterschool Centers on Education (ACE) program in 2014-2015. The report compares student outcomes over two years by level of program participation.

This report presents outcomes for students who participated in the Afterschool Centers on Education (ACE) program in 2014-2015. The report compares student outcomes over two years by level of program participation.

The 21st Century Community Learning Centers (21st CCLC) initiative is the only federal funding source dedicated exclusively to before-school, afterschool, and summer learning programs. Each state education agency receives funds based on its share of Title I funding for low-income students at high-poverty, low performing schools. Funds are also…