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Lê, Qu?nh Tiên Nguyên; Polikoff, Morgan S. – SAGE Open, 2021
"Castañeda v. Pickard" mandated that educational programs for emergent bilinguals be tested for program efficacy. As English language development (ELD) curricular materials are one part of an instructional program, we assess this mandate by examining the effectiveness of ELD materials in Texas, a large, diverse U.S. state with large…
Descriptors: Language Proficiency, Bilingualism, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning
Texas Education Agency, Austin. – 1988
The statewide overview of Texas bilingual and English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) programs for limited-English-speaking public school students reports results of a survey concerning program and student characteristics and successful instructional practices. Data for bilingual and ESL programs are considered separately. Student characteristics…
Descriptors: Bilingual Education Programs, Classroom Research, Educational Strategies, Elementary Secondary Education

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