Systemic change is far more difficult than piecemeal reforms because it requires far more interrelated and interdependent sets of changes to occur. Systemic change has two potential areas of failure: (1) the change process (action) may never reach full implementation of the new system, and (2) the new system (vision) may not be well designed. This…

Despite some cuts to the nation's oldest Federal College Access Programs, known as the TRIO programs (e.g., Upward Bound), new education policies have emphasized college and career readiness. In 2010, Congress approved the College Access Challenge Grant Program, which aims to increase the number of low-income students who are ready for college.…

Claims that educational planning has largely ignored the need for rational approaches to goal elimination and program curtailment. Presents criteria to guide goal selection and discusses the setting of optimal target levels. (Editor)

This report provides a detailed description of an education program cost model designed to accept descriptions of the size and composition of resources used in a particular program and translate them into an estimate of program cost, for convenient comparison of alternatives. The model also translates ("crosswalks") the program budget…

This document details a semiautomated PPB system developed in an ESEA Title III project, Intermediate Unit Planning Study, for use in Pennsylvania (see EA 002 750). Two semiautomated versions were developed, both dependent for calculation on the use of electronic data processing equipment. This is a documentation manual for the first of these…

The five speeches contained in this document all address the general problem of productivity in education. Most of the speeches focus on the productivity issue at the state level, but individual speeches also deal with the question of the applicability of the private sector's methods of increasing productivity to the public sector, the research…

This paper describes systems analysis in general terms, suggests some applications for education, and discusses the limitations of its use. Such problems as the political conditions, the lack of clear-cut goals, and the failure to plan alternative methods for achieving goals are seen as major limitations. To overcome these conditions and to permit…

This document details a PPB system developed in an ESEA Title III project, Intermediate Unit Planning Study, for use in Pennsylvania (see EA 002 750). This manual version can be manually calculated with a desk calculator. Reported in this document, for use by school districts, are background information, major elements of this PPB system, and the…

Background: The Council of Chief State School Officers' State Collaborative on Assessment and Student Standards Health Education Assessment Project (SCASS-HEAP) allows states to pool financial and human resources to develop effective ready-to-use health education assessment resources through a collaborative process. The purpose of this article is…

A comprehensive school planning tool is available from General Learning Corporation and the Center for the Advanced Study of Educational Administration at the University of Oregon. This School Planning, Evaluation and Communication System (SPECS) provides a deliverable system of training, implementation strategies and materials and technical…

This manual presents the major steps in organizing, planning, and directing an evaluation of local vocational education programs using a systematic approach. The principles and practices outlined are largely based on the experiences of 33 schools in five states cooperating in demonstrations and try-outs of a system from 1963 to 1970. While most of…

The existing crises in the schools show a need for some systematic method of planning that leaves little to chance or opinion and which rests more on the scientific techniques of problem solving. Although the use of a systems approach in public programs is just beginning, it seems to hold considerable promise for education. Hence, the Nevada State…

The rationale, operational framework, and implementation case study of a planning-evaluation model for a medium size school district are discussed. The system defines a management information function in the three components of planning, operations, and evaluation. The relationship among these components is presented in both diagram and narrative…

The model described here is designed to serve as a method whereby a local school management/implementation team can implement career oriented education. It provides infusion strategies, materials, and staff development techniques through which The Education Service Center (ESC) staff trains and supports the Local Education Agency (LEA) team, which…

Every administrator bears primary responsibility for planning the accomplishment of those objectives and activities that fall in his area. When responsibility is relatively restricted, the informal and intuitive methods that constitute "sound judgment" suffice. However, as his area of responsibility widens to include increasingly complex…