An approach to training new administrators is outlined that has four advantages: (1) identifying job responsibilities and matching them with available human, machine, or material resources; (2) compiling instructional units for each of those responsibilities; (3) presenting the units in logical order, allowing for discussion and assimilation; and…

The administrative problems of public sector research programs in developing nations include lack of major public policies and too many minor ones, inadequate or haphazard planning, budgetary constraints, inadequate evaluation and monitoring, inadequate or obsolete equipment and facilities, trained manpower shortages, and limited motivation. (MSE)