Identifies deficiencies in reference services offered by archives and examines factors preventing effective use of archival resources, including changing clientele, organization of collections based on the principle of provenance, and the uniqueness of archival collections. Suggestions for improving public service, including user studies and…

Explains the efforts of the ICSTI (International Council for Scientific and Technical Information) Group on Interdisciplinary Searching to identify and describe problems of interdisciplinary searching and to propose solutions. Problems are summarized in six areas: database coverage and technical content, bibliographic information, textual content,…

Discusses effective communication with interactive video and suggests possible barriers. Topics addressed include identifying the user; the need for standards; algorithms; the rapid development of hardware; navigation in interactive media; and interactivity with the user. (LRW)

Discusses the relationship between the library and publishing communities and issues that impact the relationship. Topics covered include an overview of cooperative efforts and tensions created by issues such as photocopying and copyright, repackaging of government information by commercial publishers, the power of publishing conglomerates, and…

Compares and contrasts policies and procedures pertaining to sexual harassment from selected national organizations with those of the American Library Association (ALA). Policies from the American Bar Association, American Council on Education, American Association of University Professors, American Psychological Association, and National…

Explains shareware computer programs and describes a shareware microcomputer-based workstation that was set up in the University of Idaho library to make shareware CD-ROM discs available to users. A hypertext program that was used as the user interface is described, and software problems are discussed. (two references) (LRW)

Shows similarities between the health care crisis and problems in higher education, including quality, cost, access, systemic issues, public trust and confidence, and technology. Suggestions offered for improvement in higher education include sharing resources, demonstrating and practicing quality improvement, dealing with systemic problems, and…

Discusses the possible ethical conflicts when librarians serve on the governing bodies and/or committees of regional, state, or national professional associations and issues arise that could impact their own institutions. Several case studies are presented that examine issues librarians face when engaged in an expanded professional role. (LRW)

Problems discovered in the Kellogg Education Information Centers projects included territoriality, ethical issues in counseling and guidance, lack of staff time for individual assistance, isolation of rural areas, and lack of resources for outreach to special populations. (SK)

Studied parameters that describe the course of change in subjective intensity of personal problems during psychotherapy: initial severity, rate of problem change, day-to-day intensity variability, and change in rate of problem change. Rate of change parameter correlated with traditional pre- to posttreatment outcome measures. Instability was high.…

Intended to improve school safety by ensuring student compliance with rules, zero tolerance has become an excuse to treat all children needing corrective measures the same. An alternative approach, "Tough as Necessary," balances strength with fairness, incorporates school-specific values, and establishes and enforces differentiated…

The "praise phenomenon" is widespread and deeply woven into daily classroom practice. Effects of praise are long-lasting. Research shows that praise, when overused or used inappropriately, can do considerable damage. Praise should be awarded for effort and persistence, not natural ability. Tips are provided. (MLH)

Presents the results of additional analyses of shifts of focus in information retrieval interactions. Investigates how interaction between users and search intermediaries reveal aspects of user information problems, and how users and search intermediaries focus on aspects of user information problems during the course of online searches. (Contains…

Discusses the use of interactive television (ITV) in higher education and describes graduate courses taught with ITV at Washington State University. Highlights include problems encountered with ITV in traditional classrooms; criteria for evaluating the appropriateness of ITV classrooms; and guidelines for the development of effective ITV…

Although charter schools are both public and accountable, they are increasingly being operated by private, for-profit educational management organizations. EMOs profit by reducing labor costs (cutting employment or compensation), using economies of scale (operating larger facilities); and providing fewer services (educating "mainstream"…