Using small groups with a cooperative class structure is useful and effective for children's active learning. However in this study, with one exception, six children who had experienced peer group dialogue as the principal means of mathematics and physical science instruction for 2 years (third and fourth grades) from a single teacher demonstrated…

Past research indicates poor agreement about strategies people use to assess covariation between events. This research investigates method of assessment as one possible source of this low consensus. A set of problems was developed in such a way that different judgment rules would produce different decisions about the relationships between events.…

Four strategies used in judgment patterns were explored. Problem sets in which each solution strategy produces a unique solution pattern are depicted. Several experiments had been conducted using rules in this way with subjects from grade 4 through college. Problems were set in the context of concrete events which could be related, and subjects…

For decades, every chemical engineer has been asked to have a background in separations. The required separations course can, however, be uninspiring and superficial because understanding many separation processes involves conventional graphical methods and commercial process simulators. We utilize simple, user-­friendly mathematical software,…

This report provides a description of and content specifications for video and print resources designed to reinforce basic language arts, mathematics, and problem-solving skills through the integration of five economic concepts into the curriculum of the early elementary grades: (1) scarcity, (2) opportunity cost, (3) consumption, (4) production,…

State and national data were used to examine whether Pennsylvania students are part of a national trend of decreasing higher achievers' scores and declining higher order skills. Data from the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) reports and the Pennsylvania Educational Quality Assessment (EQA) were examined. Analysis indicated that…

This experiment tested the hypothesis that the sequence of ability and effort attributional feedback influences children's attributions, self-efficacy, and skillful performance. Children deficient in subtraction skills received training on subtraction operations and solved problems over four sessions. During the problem solving, some children…

This study dealt with the construction of an observation instrument for instructional cues. Cues are defined as a complex of instructions, methods, and conditions by which students both learn the material and learn to apply the material. As part of the "Classroom Environment Study: Teaching for Learning," the pilot study began a review of the…

This teaching guide accompanies the film series "Challenge of the Unknown," which focuses on problem solving in the real world. The guide is designed to bridge the gap between the concepts presented in the films and their classroom applications, by answering teachers' questions and needs and providing a variety of possible activities.…

To isolate the process deficits underlying a specific learning disability in mathematics achievement, 77 academically normal and 46 learning disabled (LD) students in second, fourth or sixth grade were presented 140 simple addition problems using a true-false reaction time verification paradigm. (The problems were on a video screen controlled by…

This basic skills resource tool for the teacher illustrates, through models and practices that are proven successful at state and local levels, how to implement the processes and techniques presented in BASICS. BASICS is a package of integrated materials developed to assist teachers, administrators, and counselors in bridging vocational and…

Designed to improve students' thinking, learning, and creative skills while they learn to program a microcomputer in BASIC programing language, this book for intermediate learners at the elementary school level provides a variety of microcomputer activities designed to extend the concepts learned in accompanying instructional manuals (Volumes 3…

This module applies linear algebraic methods to solve the following problem: If an object in a three-dimensional coordinate system is first rotated about a given axis through the origin by a given angle, and then rotated about another axis through the origin by another angle, there is a straightforward way to calculate the combined result of the…

It is noted that with the prominence of computers in today's technological society, digital communication systems have become widely used in a variety of applications. Some of the problems that arise in digital communications systems are described. This unit presents the problem of correcting errors in such systems. Error correcting codes are…

This module is designed to apply mathematical models to nuclear deterrent problems, and to aid users in developing enlightened skepticism about the use of linear models in stability analyses and long-term predictions. An attempt is made at avoiding overwhelming complexities through concentration on land-based missile forces. It is noted that after…