Research of V. A. Krutetskii on mathematics problem solving processes are considered for their implications for gifted programing. His findings are explained to stress qualitative differences in mathematically gifted students and inadequacy of standardized mathematics achievement tests. (CL)

The relative effects on creativity of the dialectal inquiry method (DI) and the devil's advocate technique (DA) were examined with 45 upper-division business students who performed a ball in pipe task designed to evoke problem solving. The DA was found to be more effective than the DI method. (MC)

Part two of the paper reports some recent illustrative findings on the role of planning in human problem solving behavior. Some implications of these researches for mental retardation are discussed. (Author/SB)

A new way of classifying tasks and problems used in studies with deaf people is presented. It is claimed that this classification system allows for the specification of tasks on which deaf people perform equally well as hearing people and of tasks on which they fail in comparison. (Author)

To study the access process in analogical problem solving, children repeatedly listened to a variety of source stories until they could recall them completely. They then listened to a target story, were asked to retrieve the source story, were directed to solve a problem in a target story. Describes hypothetical reasons for differences in…

Previous studies have found that children have difficulty solving proportional reasoning problems involving discrete units until 10 to 12 years of age, but can solve parallel problems involving continuous quantities by 6 years of age. The present studies examine where children go wrong in processing proportions that involve discrete quantities. A…

Groups of mathematically strong and weak second-, fourth- and sixth-graders were individually confronted with numerosities smaller and larger than 100 embedded in one-, two- or three-dimensional realistic contexts. While one third of these contexts were totally unstructured (e.g., an irregular piece of land jumbled up with 72 cars), another third…

The focus of the article is on the complex cognitive process involved in learning the concept of "straightness" in Non-Euclidean geometry. Learning new material is viewed through a conflict resolution framework, as a student questions familiar assumptions understood in Euclidean geometry. A case study reveals how mathematization of the straight…

Researchers have examined inductive reasoning to identify different cognitive processes when participants deal with inductive problems. This article presents a prescriptive theory of inductive reasoning that identifies cognitive processing using a procedural strategy for making comparisons. It is hypothesized that training in the use of the…

Understanding the user and customizing the interface to augment cognition and usability are goals of human computer interaction research and design. Yet, little is known about the influence of individual visual-verbal information presentation preferences on visual navigation and screen element usage. If consistent differences in visual navigation…

The purpose of the study is to present research focused on validating the four algebra cognitive models in Gierl, Wang, et al., using student response data collected with protocol analysis methods to evaluate the knowledge structures and processing skills used by a sample of SAT test takers.

To foster medical students' diagnostic knowledge a case-based worked example approach was implemented in the context of a computer-based learning environment. Thirty medical students were randomly assigned to the condition "with erroneous examples", and 31 students learned with correct examples. Diagnostic knowledge was operationalised…

The case for chemistry instruction based on worked examples is presented, using a contemporary model of human learning. We begin by detailing human cognitive architecture and outlining the Interactive Compensatory Model of Learning (ICML). Through the ICML, the role of motivation, deliberate practice and feedback are detailed as key variables in…

This paper describes ongoing research investigating student approaches to quantitative and qualitative problem solving in physics. This empirical study was conducted using a phenomenographic approach to analyze data from individual semistructured problem solving interviews with 22 introductory college physics students. The main result of the study…

Problem: The study sought to determine the common set of conditions and processes necessary to improve the performance of problem-solving teams beyond the abilities of individuals. Research Hypotheses: (H1) Controlling for differences in ability, the team scores of heterogeneous teams are significantly lower than team scores of homogeneous teams.…