Two aspects of Karl Popper's philosophy are applied to reference process: process is viewed as series of problem-solving situations amenable to analysis using Popper's problem-solving schema. Reference interview is analyzed in context of Popper's postulate that books contain autonomous world of ideas existing apart from mind of knower. (30…

Reviews approaches to machine learning (development of techniques to automate acquisition of new information, skills, and ways of organizing existing information) in symbolic domains. Four categorical tasks addressed in machine learning literature are examined: learning from examples, learning search heuristics, learning by observation, and…

Presents a diagrammatic model that identifies principles undergirding one philosophy of vocational agriculture. The model illustrates the process through which a philosophy is developed and how it should interrelate with all aspects of vocational agriculture programs. Conceptual principles that provide a defensible foundation for vocational…

Activities are given for solving verbal subtraction problems. Take-away and comparison situations are described, and three levels of activities to model the situations are given: one involving concrete materials and verbal descriptions; the second with these plus written symbols; and the third encouraging mental images. (MNS)

Clarifies the relationship between establishing a careeer objective and selecting a college major. Presents an integral career counseling paradigm to assist students in relating and integrating career and academic goals. Describes specific steps that can be taken to facilitate the use of the paradigm. (LLL)

This paper addresses the first year of a three-year, longitudinal study which introduces mathematical modeling to young children and provides professional development for their teachers. Four classes of third-graders (8 years of age) and their teachers participated in the first year of the program, which involved several preliminary modeling…

This paper explores the phenomenon of mathematical understanding, and offers a response to the question raised by Martin (2001) at PME-NA about the possibility for and nature of collective mathematical understanding. In referring to collective mathematical understanding we point to the kinds of learning and understanding we may see occurring when…

A mathematical model, using the vector maximization technique, is developed to study the underlying structure of a set of cost/benefit alternatives. (Author)

Presents a model that can be used by social scientists to formulate and test choice alternatives to select the most ethical course of action when values are in conflict. Graduate students in psychology, education, and medicine have used the model to recognize and resolve ethical problems. (RM)

Provides case studies or exemplary models of counselors who are able to draw on their professional skills to cope with the extra demands made on their time by administrators. Provides practical strategies for communicating to administrators the need for school counselors to counsel. (RC)

An inservice program entitled The Team Approach to Educational Decision-Making: Inservice for Multidisciplinary Teams is described. It provides instruction in team theory, communication skills, and problem-solving techniques to create more active and effective team participation in the Individual Education Program decision-making processes to meet…

Presents a six-step model for generating hypothetical examples of what a handicapped student might experience in a mainstreamed setting, and preparing nonhandicapped students for this integration. Stages include determining student needs, specifying environmental demands, identifying problems, translating and presenting hypotheticals to the class…

Elements that the University of Akron, Furman University, and Wichita State University believe to be essential for mounting a successful program for change are identified: definition of institutional mission, top administrative support, leadership development, comprehensive change programs, emphasis on communication and process, and merging of…

If health education is to develop into a discipline that increases the competencies of people to implement decisions about health behaviors, the development of a paradigm that can be used as an alternative to the behavior change paradigm is required. Several models of behavior change are presented. (JN)

This article presents the Practical Action Teaching Model and discusses its four phases: identification of the practical problem, practical reasoning or deliberation, action, and reflection. It incorporates intrinsically motivating, practical, value-based student problems that call for critical and creative thinking and offer opportunities for…