Presents findings from study of design activities among 26 novice instructional designers which investigated prevalence of initial generation of more than one design solution; basis on which solutions are accepted or rejected; constraints encountered in proceeding with design; way in which designers know design is finished. Twelve references are…

Discusses needs assessment as a problem-focusing strategy and examines several definitions of need. Considers five purposes for assessing needs, and presents six guiding principles for the work of a needs assessment team. (RC)

Proposes a problem-oriented, man-machine modelling process which combines algorithms and software to assist decision makers and planners in dealing with complex socio-economic issues. Includes the specific parts in each of the system's three basic elements: a library, special units, and system control units. (Author/DC)

The mathematics of an educational game commonly known as "Frogs" is analyzed to see different mathematical concepts imbedded in it. (MP)

Describes a systematic study of skills for solving problems in basic physics. Also discusses how detailed observations of individuals were used to formulate models for problem-solving processes in mechanics and applications for teaching basic college physics or engineering courses. (HM)

Some activities designed around the Monte Carlo method of solving probability problems are described. The instructional applications of this method involve physical models or simple BASIC computer programs. (MP)

Three models to predict future world records for footraces are reviewed. The records for the mile run are presented with time and year given in linear, hyperbolic, and experiential relationships. (MP)

Presents evidence that the psychological principles that govern the perception of decision problems and evaluation of probabilities and outcomes produce predictable shifts of preference when the same problem is framed in different ways. (Author/SK)

A theory is proposed of the processes which enable a subject to learn while solving a problem. One subject's protocol--including 224 steps and taking 90 minutes--is described. Adequacy of the mechanisms is guaranteed by a computer simulation of the processes in an adaptive production system. (Author/GDC)

A philosophy of rehabilitation treatment emphasizes helping the handicapped to function independently, state the authors, who outline operational components of a theoretical model to increase client and community survivability, concordance with work, and problem-solving approaches and techniques for the vocational rehabilitationist. (MF)

The basic purpose of the process approach discussed in this presentation is to involve teachers, students, and ultimately the community in problem solving situations which can lead to attitude changes about the management of the environment. (JC)

Examines the relationship between gender-related personality traits and psychological adjustment. Results indicate that the different gender-related personality traits influence corresponding aspects of psychological adjustment through two mediational components: problem-solving appraisal and perceived social support. Gender-related personality…

This article describes and tests a theory of scientific discovery learning based on the Scientific Discovery as Dual Search (SDDS) model. A study of 22 university chemistry students determined that conditions for performing a search operation in hypothesis space include sufficient knowledge of the search operation and reasons for choosing a…

Describes an algorithm that can be used for the construction of an oral presentation. The article suggests how nonnative English-speaking students can be taught to make their presentations more cohesive and to evaluate their cohesiveness with the help of video recordings. (21 references) (Author/CK)

A. J. Romiszowski developed a schematic model for analyzing performance problems. Whether a problem lies with staff members or their environment is determined first. Staff problems are grouped according to past performance. Work environment problems include work methods, management systems, and job organization. Model emphasizes flexibility and…