Problem solving is an important cognitive skill that children use to plan and navigate various developmental and social tasks. Although previous research was theory-grounded and systematic, to our knowledge, no research has observed and documented children's problem solving as a primary objective in naturalistic developmental contexts, such as…

In an era of constant digital distractions, maintaining attention is a growing challenge for young students. This paper explores how STEM education and AI-driven learning tools can enhance attention skills by fostering problem-solving, analytical thinking, and cognitive endurance. STEM disciplines require sustained focus, while AI-powered adaptive…

This paper investigates the connection between the spiral teaching method and mathematical rigor in K-12 education. Defining rigor as a balanced integration of conceptual understanding, application, and procedural fluency (contrasting it with rote learning), the paper posits that the spiral approach cultivates this rigor. By revisiting…

The ability to think analytically is vital in today's world. In an era defined by rapid technological advancements, economic globalization and societal complexities, analytical thinking skills are paramount to career success. Analytical thinking has been conceptualized and defined in a variety of ways, reflecting its multifaceted nature and the…

The background of this research began with an apprehension of the need for students' learning in accordance with their learning abilities relating to the application of a flipped classroom model in the Biology class of XYZ Senior High School. Preliminary research showed the different needs of individual students; thus, differentiated learning was…

As one of the core skills of the 21st century, computational thinking has received increasing attention from educators and researchers. Although some research has been conducted on computational thinking, few studies examined the impact of learning activities on students' computation thinking skills from the perspective of cognitive development.…

Background: Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) is a teaching methodology that integrates learning subject content with acquisition of proficiency in a foreign language (skills), developing both linguistic and conceptual competence. The approach aligns with the recommendations of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, which…

Although growing up in stressful conditions can undermine mental abilities, people in harsh environments may develop intact, or even "enhanced," social and cognitive abilities for solving problems in high-adversity contexts (i.e. 'hidden talents'). We examine whether childhood and current exposure to violence are associated with memory…

Mathematical knowledge is constructed hierarchically from basic understanding of quantities and the symbols that denote them. Discrimination of numerical quantity in both symbolic and non-symbolic formats has been linked to mathematical problem-solving abilities. However, little is known of the extent to which overlap in quantity representations…

We review the musical conservatory as a model for educators to learn how to enhance admissions, instruction, and assessment in liberal arts collegiate settings. Although conservatories serve primarily students wishing to enter musical careers of various kinds, the model on which they are based can, in many ways, serve any student and any school.…

Programming education consistently faces challenges in bridging theory with practice and fostering students' cognitive competencies. This 12-year longitudinal study (2011-2023) investigates an innovative competency-based teaching model in university C programming education that integrates six educational theories into a coherent framework with…

Social studies have been marginalized in early childhood education amid the prevalence of standardized testing and political issues. However, a comprehensive approach to early education, including social studies, is gaining attention. This article emphasizes the significance of incorporating social studies into early childhood curriculum,…

This study examined auditive and visual working memory and metacognitive knowledge in 92 gifted children (aged between eight and twelve), utilising a pre-test-training-post-test design, known as the cognitive training design. This approach was used to examine the working memory and metacognitive knowledge of gifted children concerning the…

Growth mindset, the belief that one's abilities can improve through cognitive effort, is an important psychological construct with broad implications for enabling children to reach their highest potential. However, surprisingly little is known about malleability of growth mindset in response to cognitive interventions in children and its…

Early childhood education and care (ECEC) settings faced significant disruption during the COVID-19 pandemic, compromising the continuity, stability and quality of provision. Three years on from the first UK lockdown as pandemic-era preschoolers enter formal schooling, stakeholders are concerned about the impact of the disruption on children's…