In this study, which examines the relationship between level of information processing and level of general socialization, a total of 90 children aged 11 and 14 years and a group of 17 adults were presented with an organizational problem: how to order simultaneously presented tasks. Subjects were individually shown a map with locations and…

This study investigated the degree of variation in the willingness to make inferences based on little information, the variation in accuracy of such inferences, and the relationship between willingness and accuracy of inferences and the race and social class of the subjects. The subjects were 140 fifth graders from six public schools in Atlanta,…

In this report on cognitive processes, a discussion of the rationale and assumptions used by investigators explains the experimental procedures. To determine actual cognitive problem-solving processes, (rather than inferring them from results), subjects in these studies were presented with a problem and allowed to ask a sequence of questions which…

A new approach to the development of strategies and procedures for rational resolution of value conflicts is described and illustrated. Strategies are based on 6 tasks for meeting the standards for a rational value judgment discussed by Jerrold Coombs (1971). The 6 tasks involve reducing differences in each of the following: the interpretation of…

This paper is the first chapter in a monograph. In it the author attempts to examine the assumptions and justifications for process education. He does not write in a prescriptive fashion but attempts to arrive at a definition for process education by a successive convergency of ideas and tentative but logically consistent definitions. The author…

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between a student's stated preference for solving a problem and his/her actual problem solving methodology. Approximately 116 science students between the ages of 15 and 22 were given an 18 item abstract preference survey. Each student was interviewed and given the opportunity to solve…

A model for problem solving involving the use of analogical or metaphorical thinking as it applies to generalsystems synthesis is presented. (RW)

The open-approach teaching method, a problem-solving method, is described, with examples of situations and problems that are suitable for this approach. The teaching-learning process and educational implications are discussed. (MNS)

The article describes Project Intelligence, a three-year effort to teach thinking skills to seventh graders in Venezuela. The project's development is reviewed, a sample lesson is presented, and evaluation results for 460 students are reported. The importance of teacher competence and enthusiasm are also discussed. (DB)

A processing model is presented that deals explicitly with both the text-comprehension and problem-solving aspects of word arithmetic problems. The model simulates construction of cognitive representations at various levels, distinguishes several information processing steps, and analyzes processing requirements that differ among types of…

Reports four experiments focusing on Piaget's claims that conservation and transitivity concepts are experienced as logically necessary truths. Two experiments examined feelings of certainty and necessity in college students presented with Piagetian tasks. Two other experiments extended these procedures to children and the issue of developmental…

Sifts through confusing intelligence theories, arguing that intelligence is a combination of influences involving power, tactics, and content. Good thinking is an unnatural act demanding evenhanded reasoning, problem finding (versus solving), and knowledge as invention. Discusses thinking frames guiding thought processes and the implications for…

Reviewed research with the Twenty Questions Task aimed at investigating problem solving across the life span. Research indicates use of an efficient problem-solving strategy increases during childhood and then decreases again during the later adult years. Elderly adults' performance was facilitated when the necessity of using an efficient strategy…

In answer to points raised by Dansky (1985) about specific inferences from Simon and Smith's study (1985) and broader issues about a single-session paradigm used in play and problem solving studies, Simon and Smith argue that their study adequately demonstrated how methodological factors in paradigm can swamp the effects of any treatment…

Ten hearing impaired adolescents receiving Instrumental Enrichment demonstrated improvements in: systematic approaches to problems; analysis of problem situations; vocabulary size; analysis of source-of-error in problem-solving situations; completeness, organization, and planning in problem-solving situations; peer cooperation in problem solving;…