The ability to reason with representations is pivotal for successful learning in Organic Chemistry and is closely linked to representational competence. Given the visual nature of this discipline, this comprises competency in extracting and processing relevant visual information. With regard to the resonance concept, proficiency in identifying…

The current study aims to contribute to the literature on how organic chemistry students weigh various factors when predicting products of substitution and elimination reactions. This study focuses specifically on these mechanism types, as they are often the first instances where students must consider the "how" and the "why"…

Although student covariation reasoning has been explored in depth to improve understanding of the correspondence between variables, research has focused on studying existing reasoning about variables in Cartesian representations. The working method had a qualitative approach, with a descriptive exploratory scope, the spontaneous representations…

This study delved into the structuring of design briefs and investigated the impact of employing visual analogies compared to text analogies. We aimed to contribute to the growing body of research investigating the role of analogies in design problem-solving. To do this, we conducted a controlled experiment at a university with 135 undergraduate…

This study delves into the integration of Project-Based Learning (PBL) and Computational Thinking (CT) to enhance 21st century learning. Through a Narrative Literature Review (NLR), pivotal strategies for effective implementation are identified. These include fostering collaborative pedagogy, employing visualization tools, embracing diverse…

Sixty (35 girls) ninth graders were assessed on measures of algebraic reasoning and usage of visual and symbolic representations (with a prompt for visual use) to solve equations and inequalities. The study grouped visual representations into two categories: arithmetic-visual, which entailed the use of real-world objects to represent specific…

This study aims at understanding the role of the tools chosen throughout the processes of solving a non-routine mathematical problem and communicating its solution. In assuming that problem-solving is a synchronous activity of mathematization and expression of mathematical thinking we take our proposed Mathematical Problem Solving with Technology…

After teaching last 10 years and analyzing student work, I realize that in developmental and Elementary Algebra courses there is a disconnection between the students conceptual understanding in context in contrast to their procedural fluency. In some cases, students can perform the procedure, but do not understand when the procedure is valid. In…

Research has shown that tape diagrams are beneficial for algebra learning. However, it is unclear whether certain visual features of tape diagrams have implications for learning. We investigated, with undergraduate students and math teachers, whether tape diagrams with different visual features (color, presence of outer lines, and position of the…

Multiple representations are widely recognized for their significant role in concept learning. This study aimed to investigate the multiple representation translation skills of high school students at different grade levels about the concept of one-dimensional motion. 239 9th, 10th, and 11th-grade students participated in the study using a…

Students must develop higher order cognitive skills (HOCS) that allow them to think critically and use their learning in novel situations. However, little is known about how including HOCS in teaching and assessment affects students' perception of learning. We combine quantitative and qualitative data to determine whether the inclusion of HOCS and…

The overarching goal of this review article is to discuss and provide evidence of ways that visual displays can be used to improve classroom thinking skills. Specifically, we attempt to first, provide a synthesis of the relationship among visual displays, visual literacy, and visual thinking. Second, we review the relatively scant educational…

This study aims to investigate the effect of using Minecraft on Year 5 pupils' higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) in fractional problems-solving. A quasi-experimental pretest and posttest non-equivalent groups design was used. The study sample involved 65 Year 5 pupils from two intact classes which consists of 31 pupils as the treatment group and…

Education is an important tool which is very useful in everybody's life. A science curriculum should offer students opportunities that relate to life outside the classroom. It should provide students with situations in which they can frame and solve problems of their own making; and it should be supportive of students. Teaching methods and…

Visual displays, such as icon arrays and risk ladders, are often used to communicate numerical health information. Number lines improve reasoning with rational numbers but are seldom used in health contexts. College students solved ratio problems related to COVID-19 (e.g., number of deaths and number of cases) in one of four randomly-assigned…