The results lend support to the hypothesis that perceived difficulty can account for the interaction between sex of subject and context of problem observed in this and previous studies. (Author)

The basic finding of this study was that two cooperating, discussing individuals were more effective on a concept attainment task that either two cooperating individuals not allowed discussion or two competing individuals. (EH)

Studied keyboard activities and discussions of 60 children working in pairs or 21 children working as individuals on a computer-based language problem-solving task. Boy-girl pairs showed lower levels of verbal interaction and less keyboard cooperation, but few differences in task performance in comparison with single gender pairs. Children working…

This study investigated gender differences in preschoolers' problem solving. Ten boys and 10 girls from the same preschool class with a median age of 4 years 1 month from multicultural middle class families participated. Children were presented with a separate novel form board puzzle designed for young children each day for 3 days in a…

Seeks to broaden definitions of politics and political education by focusing on gender. Suggests that political education should be a process of demystification, teaching that power can be challenged and problem-solving techniques can be used to inject skills and new styles of seeking political alternatives. (JOW)

Higher levels of predicting the more frequent event were achieved with males than females; with the contingent than the noncontingent situation; and with adult males than boys in the noncontingent situation. Females were more likely to repeat an incorrect prediction. (MH)

This study of 150 males and 121 females approximately 16 1/2 years of age explored relations among developmental levels and styles of interpersonal negotiation strategies (INS) and competence in social problem-solving skills. Also assessed relations among levels and styles of INS and self-reported engagement in problem behaviors. (RH)

A cross-sectional study of educated men and women showed that cautiousness, as measured by perceived problem-solving ability, does not increase with age. Sex differences were nonsignificant. The results are discussed in terms of R. Schultz and J. Heckhausen's Life Span Model of Successful Aging. (Contains 28 references and 1 table.) (Author)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the alternative forms of young children's help-seeking in free play and problem-solving contexts. A total of 72 children aged 18 (N=36) and 24 (N=36) months were observed in pairs in free play and problem-solving settings, as well as in different social contexts--same-age versus mixed-age pairing. Both…

Assessed the relative difficulty in the utilization of oddity and matching response strategies in 144 children, ages 5-13 years. A model of matching and oddity problem-solving is presented based on the data collected. (Author/ED)

Investigated distribution of spatial visualization scores (Space Relations test of the Differential Aptitude Test) and mathematical problem-solving scores (Mental Arithmetic Problems) obtained by 161 male and 152 female 9th grade students. No significant sex-related differences were found between mean scores of tests of spatial visualization or…

Reports on a study to determine the decision-making processes and styles used by consumer education students when confronted with a consumer credit problem. Tests were administered to 27 secondary students. Findings revealed that gender determines to a great extent the process and style used. (Author/CH)

Two studies investigated two groups of young children at the ages of four and eight years, respectively. Subjects were required to solve a simple problem task by performing a response opposite to that demonstrated by an adult. Girls' performance was significantly worse than boys', regardless of the sex of the model. (Author/CI)

The frequency and distribution of social problem-solving strategies, goals, targets, and outcomes were coded during preschoolers' free play. Flexibility and persistence in problem-solving sequences were examined, and the relative importance of strategies, goals, targets, and the identity of the problem solver in predicting social problem-solving…