A method for introducing ideas of probability theory is presented. The method is illustrated by solving a coin tossing" problem. (FL)

Examples are given of problems which can be solved pictorially, thus aiding in the general development of geometric intuition and in developing some of the basic ideas of probability. (MP)

The use of matrix multiplication in the theory of Markov chains is demonstrated without directly discussing any probability theory. The technique that is developed is applied to ratio and mixture problems that are in changing states. (JP)

An analysis is made of overall probabilities of juries making the correct decisions when the juries vary in size from two to beyond five. (DT)

The possibility of non-transitivity of preference choices is discussed. One example each from voting and from sports demonstrate some conditions where transitivity does not hold. Suggestions are made for using this type of problem in the classroom. (LS)

A mathematical model of a soccer-league competition results is set up and investigated using simple randomization techniques. The hypothesis that winning the league championship was purely luck was statistically tested. (JP)

The famous birthday problem is discussed and activities which can be used with it as an introduction to probability are examined. (SD)

Activities related to content areas important to the primary mathematics program, but outside the scope of arithmetic, geometry and measurement, are presented. Topics include relations, number sentences, solving sentences, logic, probability, statistics, number theory, and the system of integers, Inclusion of these topics is justified and…

Tables of life expectancy can provide data for use in a great variety of problems related to probability theory. (SD)

The game of roulette is analyzed. (SD)

The social science finding that two-thirds of a population of successful males are first-born sons provided the motivation for a problem solved by a 12th grade honors class. The class proved that the probability of choosing a first-born son from a male population is about two-thirds. (JP)

Students were given the problem: Given a deck of cards in a certain order, after how many shuffles will it return to its original order? They worked with small decks of cards to develop a general formula, but were unhappy with the results. (SD)

Four problems in which elementary mathematics can be used in constructing models are described. (SD)