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Tatsuoka, Kikumi K.; And Others – Journal of Educational Measurement, 1989
The consistency with which students apply procedural rules for solving signed-number operations across identical items presented in different orders was examined in a study involving 161 eighth graders. Inconsistent rule application was common among students who had not mastered signed-number arithmetic operations. (TJH)
Descriptors: Arithmetic, Grade 8, Hypothesis Testing, Junior High School Students