In order to study the processes people employ in reading technical material and the ways in which information engineering can facilitate those processes, 13 adults, including electrical engineers, stockboys, secretaries, graduate students, and teachers, were asked to perform an assembly task by following concise, step-by-step instructions provided…

There is an emphasis on meaningmaking, problem solving, and discovery in contemporary educational settings--facts and concepts integrated into the curriculum by unifying themes that connect to real-world experiences. Using graphics to represent the thinking of students in learning and the thinking of teachers in integrated planning can be…